Journal ArticleDOI
Irradiation effects in carbon nanostructures
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TLDR
In this article, a review of the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions is discussed. But the main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope.Abstract:
The paper reviews the principles of interaction of energetic particles with solid carbon and carbon nanostructures. The reader is first introduced to the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions. The influence of various parameters on the displacement cross sections of carbon atoms is discussed. The types of irradiation-induced defects and their migration are described as well as ordering phenomena which are observable under the non-equilibrium conditions of irradiation. The main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope. This type of experiment is of paramount importance because it allows in situ observation of dynamic processes on an atomic scale. In the second part, radiation effects in the modifications of elemental carbon, in particular in graphite which forms the crystallographic basis of most carbon nanostructures, are treated in detail. It follows a review of the available experimental results on radiation defects in carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes and carbon onions. Finally, the phenomena of structure formation under irradiation, in particular the self-assembling of spherical carbon onions and the irradiation-induced transformation of graphitic nanoparticles into diamond, are presented and discussed qualitatively in the context of non-equilibrium structure formation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Energetic and structural properties of fullerenes under irradiation processes
TL;DR: In this article, the cross sections of electron-induced atomic displacement were obtained as a function of the order of the fullerene and three types of defects commonly induced by radiation were also analyzed, determining their formation energies and the structural changes they produce in the molecule.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphology of Irradiated Adjacent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
TL;DR: In this paper, molecular dynamics was used to simulate the electron irradiation of two adjacent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) via the Primary Knock-on Approximation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grafting Glycidyl Methacrylate Onto High-Modulus Carbon Fiber by Acid Activation Synergized with Ionization Radiation
Hai Zhou,Zhongfeng Tang,Bowu Zhang,Weihua(刘伟华) Liu,Yanling Xue,Changwei Zhao,Xiaodong Zhang,Xiuhai Cui +7 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic evolutions of swift heavy ion induced latent tracks under electron bombardment from TEM
Shengxia Zhang,Jizhao Liu,Jianrong Zeng,Peipei Hu,Lijun Xu,Khan Maaz,Pengfei Zhai,Jinglai Duan +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to explore the dynamic evolutions of morphology and size of swift heavy ion (SHI) induced latent tracks in muscovite mica.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
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C 60 : Buckminsterfullerene
Harold W. Kroto,Harold W. Kroto,James R. Heath,Sean C. O'Brien,Robert F. Curl,Richard E. Smalley +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solid C60: a new form of carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern formation outside of equilibrium
Michael Cross,P. C. Hohenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal pattern formation in systems driven away from equilibrium is presented in this article, with emphasis on comparisons between theory and quantitative experiments, and a classification of patterns in terms of the characteristic wave vector q 0 and frequency ω 0 of the instability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude of the intrinsic thermal vibrations of isolated carbon nanotubes was measured in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was shown that they have exceptionally high Young's moduli, in the terapascal (TPa) range.