Journal ArticleDOI
Irradiation effects in carbon nanostructures
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TLDR
In this article, a review of the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions is discussed. But the main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope.Abstract:
The paper reviews the principles of interaction of energetic particles with solid carbon and carbon nanostructures. The reader is first introduced to the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions. The influence of various parameters on the displacement cross sections of carbon atoms is discussed. The types of irradiation-induced defects and their migration are described as well as ordering phenomena which are observable under the non-equilibrium conditions of irradiation. The main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope. This type of experiment is of paramount importance because it allows in situ observation of dynamic processes on an atomic scale. In the second part, radiation effects in the modifications of elemental carbon, in particular in graphite which forms the crystallographic basis of most carbon nanostructures, are treated in detail. It follows a review of the available experimental results on radiation defects in carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes and carbon onions. Finally, the phenomena of structure formation under irradiation, in particular the self-assembling of spherical carbon onions and the irradiation-induced transformation of graphitic nanoparticles into diamond, are presented and discussed qualitatively in the context of non-equilibrium structure formation.read more
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Quantifying transmission electron microscopy irradiation effects using two-dimensional materials
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the state of current knowledge of the underlying physical processes based on the latest results on two-dimensional materials, with a focus on the physical principles of the electron-matter interaction, rather than the material specific irradiation-induced defects it causes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reversible Defect Engineering of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Maxime Berthe,Shoji Yoshida,Yuta Ebine,Ken Kanazawa,Arifumi Okada,Atsushi Taninaka,Osamu Takeuchi,Nobuyuki Fukui,Hisanori Shinohara,Satoru Suzuki,Koji Sumitomo,Yoshihiro Kobayashi,Bruno Grandidier,D. Stievenard,Hidemi Shigekawa +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a voltage ramp applied at constant tunneling current between the tip and the nanotube adsorbed on a gold substrate to create and destroy defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gamma (γ)-ray irradiated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for hydrogen storage
D. Silambarasan,Velappa Jayaraman Surya,Velappa Jayaraman Surya,K. Iyakutti,K. Asokan,Veerapandy Vasu,Yoshiyuki Kawazoe +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study on hydrogen uptake performance of Gamma (γ)-ray irradiated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was conducted, where the MWCNTs were irradiated by γ-rays emitted from 27Co60 source with different doses of 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200kGy in air at ambient conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elastic, plastic, and fracture mechanisms in graphene materials.
Colin Daniels,Andrew Horning,Anthony Phillips,Daniel V. P. Massote,Liangbo Liang,Liangbo Liang,Zachary Bullard,Bobby G. Sumpter,Vincent Meunier +8 more
TL;DR: Overall it is found that there is significant potential for the use of existing knowledge, especially that of strain engineering, as well as potential for additional research into the fracture mechanics of polycrystalline graphene and device functionalization by way of controllable plastic deformation of graphene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ab initio study of transport properties in defected carbon nanotubes: an O(N) approach
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of ab initio simulations and linear scaling Green's functions techniques is used to analyze the transport properties of long (up to 1 μm) carbon nanotubes with realistic disorder.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
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C 60 : Buckminsterfullerene
Harold W. Kroto,Harold W. Kroto,James R. Heath,Sean C. O'Brien,Robert F. Curl,Richard E. Smalley +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solid C60: a new form of carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern formation outside of equilibrium
Michael Cross,P. C. Hohenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal pattern formation in systems driven away from equilibrium is presented in this article, with emphasis on comparisons between theory and quantitative experiments, and a classification of patterns in terms of the characteristic wave vector q 0 and frequency ω 0 of the instability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude of the intrinsic thermal vibrations of isolated carbon nanotubes was measured in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was shown that they have exceptionally high Young's moduli, in the terapascal (TPa) range.