Journal ArticleDOI
Irradiation effects in carbon nanostructures
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In this article, a review of the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions is discussed. But the main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope.Abstract:
The paper reviews the principles of interaction of energetic particles with solid carbon and carbon nanostructures. The reader is first introduced to the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions. The influence of various parameters on the displacement cross sections of carbon atoms is discussed. The types of irradiation-induced defects and their migration are described as well as ordering phenomena which are observable under the non-equilibrium conditions of irradiation. The main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope. This type of experiment is of paramount importance because it allows in situ observation of dynamic processes on an atomic scale. In the second part, radiation effects in the modifications of elemental carbon, in particular in graphite which forms the crystallographic basis of most carbon nanostructures, are treated in detail. It follows a review of the available experimental results on radiation defects in carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes and carbon onions. Finally, the phenomena of structure formation under irradiation, in particular the self-assembling of spherical carbon onions and the irradiation-induced transformation of graphitic nanoparticles into diamond, are presented and discussed qualitatively in the context of non-equilibrium structure formation.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of core-shell copper-graphite submicronic particles and carbon nano-onions by spark discharges in liquid hydrocarbons.
TL;DR: In this article, the size distribution of the Cu nanoparticles and the degree of graphitization of the carbon matrix depend on the liquid and hence, the authors proposed that the particles are produced in the plasma core where Cu (evaporated from the electrode surface) and carbonaceous species are present.
Book ChapterDOI
Mechanism and Properties of Nanodiamond Films Deposited by the DC-GD-CVD Process
TL;DR: In this article, the growth of a nanodiamond film by the direct current glow discharge (DC GD) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from a methane-hydrogen mixture was confirmed by near-edge x-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Journal ArticleDOI
Passively Q-switched fiber lasers using a multi-walled carbon nanotube polymer composite based saturable absorber
S. M Azooz,M.H.M. Ahmed,Fauzan Ahmad,Belal Ahmed Hamida,Sheroz Khan,Harith Ahmad,Sulaiman Wadi Harun +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a simple, compact and low cost Q-switched fiber laser based on Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and TDF to operate at 1534.5 nm and 1846.4 nm by exploiting a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) polymer composite film based saturable absorber (SA).
Journal ArticleDOI
Healing of Broken Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using Very Low Energy Electrons in SEM: A Route Toward Complete Recovery
Neha Kulshrestha,Abhishek Kumar Misra,Kiran Shankar Hazra,Soumyendu Roy,Reeti Bajpai,Dipti R. Mohapatra,D. S. Misra +6 more
TL;DR: The healing of electrically broken multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using very low energy electrons (3-10 keV) in scanning electron microscopy in SEM with careful maneuvering of the electron beam at the broken site results in the mechanical joining of the tube.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electronic properties of multi-defected zigzag carbon nanotubes
HaiYun Qian,Tao Zhou +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the conductance sensitively depends on the realistic defect configurations for the metallic zigzag carbon nanotubes, and the electron interference along the longitudinal axis and the transport blocking are observed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
C 60 : Buckminsterfullerene
Harold W. Kroto,Harold W. Kroto,James R. Heath,Sean C. O'Brien,Robert F. Curl,Richard E. Smalley +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solid C60: a new form of carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern formation outside of equilibrium
Michael Cross,P. C. Hohenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal pattern formation in systems driven away from equilibrium is presented in this article, with emphasis on comparisons between theory and quantitative experiments, and a classification of patterns in terms of the characteristic wave vector q 0 and frequency ω 0 of the instability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude of the intrinsic thermal vibrations of isolated carbon nanotubes was measured in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was shown that they have exceptionally high Young's moduli, in the terapascal (TPa) range.