Journal ArticleDOI
Macrophages and microglia in the nervous system
V. Hugh Perry,Siamon Gordon +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The possible functions of resident and recruited macrophages in the developing and adult nervous system are reviewed and what contribution these cells might make to repair mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous systems are examined.About:
This article is published in Trends in Neurosciences.The article was published on 1988-01-01. It has received 745 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Microglia & Nervous system.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-inflammatory effects of egg white combined with chalcanthite in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia through the inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
TL;DR: The EWCC treatment significantly inhibited the excessive production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia in a concentration-dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity, suggesting that EWCC may offer a substantial therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by microglial activation.
Endogenous transforming growth factor ß1 suppresses inflammation and promotes survival in adult CNS.
Milan Makwana,Leonard L. Jones,D. Cuthill,H. Heuer,M. Bohatschek,M. Hristova,S. Friedrichsen,I. Ormsby,D. Bueringer,A. Koppius,Karl Bauer,T. Doetschmann,Gennadij Raivich +12 more
Abstract: Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with potent neurotrophic and immunosuppressive properties that is upregulated after injury, but also expressed in the normal nervous system. In the current study, we examined the regulation of TGFβ1 and the effects of TGFβ1 deletion on cellular response in the uninjured adult brain and in the injured and regenerating facial motor nucleus. To avoid lethal autoimmune inflammation within 3 weeks after birth in TGFβ1-deficient mice, this study was performed on a T- and B-cell-deficient RAG2−/− background. Compared with wild-type siblings, homozygous deletion of TGFβ1 resulted in an extensive inflammatory response in otherwise uninjured brain parenchyma. Astrocytes increased in GFAP and CD44 immunoreactivity; microglia showed proliferative activity, expression of phagocytosis-associated markers [αXβ2, B7.2, and MHC1 (major histocompatibility complex type 1)], and reduced branching. Ultrastructural analysis revealed focal blockade of axonal transport, perinodal damming of axonal organelles, focal demyelination, and myelin debris in granule-rich, phagocytic microglia. After facial axotomy, absence of TGFβ1 led to a fourfold increase in neuronal cell death (52 vs 13%), decreased central axonal sprouting, and significant delay in functional recovery. It also interfered with the microglial response, resulting in a diminished expression of early activation markers [ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), α6β1, and αMβ2] and reduced proliferation. In line with axonal and glial findings in the otherwise uninjured CNS, absence of endogenous TGFβ1 also caused an ∼10% reduction in the number of normal motoneurons, pointing to an ongoing and potent trophic role of this anti-inflammatory cytokine in the normal as well as in the injured brain.
DissertationDOI
The role of IL-17 in inflammatory hyperalgesia
TL;DR: An attempt is made to evaluate the phytochemical properties of the fruit extract of magnesia which has potential in finding its application in medicine and disease classification and description.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generation of microglia specific reagents from phage displayed peptide libraries.
Karin E. Lundin,Johan Aarum,Lena Appelsved,Anette Johansson-Borg,Eva von Garrelts,Jeannette M Dypbukt,Kristian Sandberg,Mats A. A. Persson +7 more
TL;DR: The binding of one of the six selected microglia specific phage clones, clone V-1:19, was competed/inhibited in experiments using soluble synthetic peptides corresponding to the binding motif of the phage clone.
References
More filters
Book
Handbook of experimental immunology
TL;DR: This document describes the development and application of various methods for immunologic studies using monoclonal antibodies, a type of antibody, and some of the methods used in these studies are currently in use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy.
Scott Koenig,Howard E. Gendelman,Jan M. Orenstein,Mauro C. Dal Canto,Gholam H. Pezeshkpour,Margaret Yungbluth,Frank Janotta,Allen J. Aksamit,Malcolm A. Martin,Anthony S. Fauci +9 more
TL;DR: The identity of an important cell type that supports replication of the AIDS retrovirus in brain tissue was determined in two affected individuals and these cells were mononucleated and multinucleated macrophages that actively synthesized viral RNA and produced progeny virions in the brains of the patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage
Jonathan M. Austyn,Siamon Gordon +1 more
TL;DR: Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the antigen F4/80 is part of a component of Mr 160000 which is synthesized by the MΦ and, at least in part, exposed on the cell surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology
TL;DR: The AIDS dementia complex is established as a distinct clinical and pathological entity and, together with accumulating virological evidence, suggests that it is caused by direct LAV/HTLV‐III brain infection.