Microbiome-The Missing Link in the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Its Role in Gastrointestinal and Mental Health.
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka,Wojciech Marlicz,Agata Misera,Anastasios Koulaouzidis,Igor Łoniewski +4 more
TLDR
Deregulation of the GBA may constitute a grip point for the development of diagnostic tools and personalized microbiota-based therapy in patients with mental and GI disorders, and Psychobiotics are a new class of beneficial bacteria with documented efficacy for the treatment of GBA disorders.Abstract:
The central nervous system (CNS) and the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicate through the gut-brain axis (GBA). Such communication is bi-directional and involves neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms. There is mounting data that gut microbiota is the source of a number of neuroactive and immunocompetent substances, which shape the structure and function of brain regions involved in the control of emotions, cognition, and physical activity. Most GI diseases are associated with altered transmission within the GBA that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Current treatment protocols for GI and non-GI disorders may positively or adversely affect the composition of intestinal microbiota with a diverse impact on therapeutic outcome(s). Alterations of gut microbiota have been associated with mood and depressive disorders. Moreover, mental health is frequently affected in GI and non-GI diseases. Deregulation of the GBA may constitute a grip point for the development of diagnostic tools and personalized microbiota-based therapy. For example, next generation sequencing (NGS) offers detailed analysis of microbiome footprints in patients with mental and GI disorders. Elucidating the role of stem cell–host microbiome cross talks in tissues in GBA disorders might lead to the development of next generation diagnostics and therapeutics. Psychobiotics are a new class of beneficial bacteria with documented efficacy for the treatment of GBA disorders. Novel therapies interfering with small molecules involved in adult stem cell trafficking are on the horizon.read more
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Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease
Ronald D. Hills,Benjamin Pontefract,Hillary R. Mishcon,Cody Black,Cody Black,Steven C. Sutton,Cory R. Theberge +6 more
TL;DR: The role of diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, and prebiotic fiber in maintaining healthy gut flora is reviewed and the implications are discussed for various conditions including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, and cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology.
TL;DR: The status of the knowledge and the open questions in the field focusing on the function of intestinal microbial metabolites or products on CNS cells during healthy and inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, and also neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed.
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The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota?
Błażej Misiak,Igor Łoniewski,Wojciech Marlicz,Dorota Frydecka,Agata Szulc,Leszek Rudzki,Jerzy Samochowiec +6 more
TL;DR: Current evidence for a cross-talk between the gut-brain axis and the HPA axis from studies of patients with mood and psychotic disorders is summarized and potential clinical implications can arise from future studies investigating the H PA axis activity with respect to the gut microbiota in severe mental disorders are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychobiotics: A new approach for treating mental illness?
Snigdha Misra,Debapriya Mohanty +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that increase in the amount of good bacteria in the gut can curb inflammation and cortisol level, reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety, lowers stress reactivity, improves memory and even lessens neuroticism and social anxiety.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiota and Lifestyle: A Special Focus on Diet.
Noemí Redondo-Useros,Esther Nova,Natalia González-Zancada,Ligia E. Díaz,Sonia Gómez-Martínez,Ascensión Marcos +5 more
TL;DR: The varied response to the intake of probiotics and prebiotics observed in healthy adults suggests the existence of potential inter- and intra-individual factors, which might account for gut microbiota changes to a greater extent than diet.
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