Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs: the fine-tuners of Toll-like receptor signalling
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TLDR
MicroRNAs have emerged as important controllers of TLR signalling and are proving to be an important link between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and their dysregulation might have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation.Abstract:
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central to the induction of pro-inflammatory responses, but their signalling pathways must be tightly regulated. As discussed in this article, an emerging level of fine-tuning is mediated by microRNAs, several of which are induced by TLR signalling. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive inflammation and to allow for tissue repair and the return to homeostasis after infection and tissue injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important controllers of TLR signalling. Several miRNAs are induced by TLR activation in innate immune cells and these and other miRNAs target the 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding components of the TLR signalling system. miRNAs are also proving to be an important link between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and their dysregulation might have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.read more
Citations
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The STAT3-binding long noncoding RNA lnc-DC controls human dendritic cell differentiation.
Pin Wang,Yiquan Xue,Yanmei Han,Li Lin,Cong Wu,Sheng Xu,Zhengping Jiang,Junfang Xu,Qiuyan Liu,Xuetao Cao,Xuetao Cao,Xuetao Cao +11 more
TL;DR: A lncRNA expressed exclusively in human dendritic cells (DC), called lnc-DC, is identified that is required for optimal DC differentiation from human monocytes and that regulates DC activation of T cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like Receptors and the Control of Immunity.
TL;DR: The mechanisms and consequences of TLR-mediated signal transduction are described with a focus on themes identified in the TLR pathways that also explain the operation of other immune signaling pathways.
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microRNA Regulation of Inflammatory Responses
TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of miRNAs and their connection to inflammatory responses are discussed, and the link between perturbations in miRNA levels and the onset of human inflammatory diseases is considered.
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Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration
TL;DR: Insight is provided into the critical effector pathways mediating each form of the disease and a recurring theme that spans most aspects of AMD pathogenesis is defective immune modulation in the classically immune-privileged ocular haven.
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Diversity, Mechanisms, and Significance of Macrophage Plasticity
TL;DR: Macrophage plasticity, an essential component of chronic inflammation, and its involvement in diverse human diseases, most notably cancer, is discussed here as a paradigm.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: It is shown that many 21- and 22-nt expressed RNAs, termed microRNAs, exist in invertebrates and vertebrates and that some of these novel RNAs are highly conserved, which suggests that sequence-specific, posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms mediated by smallRNAs are more general than previously appreciated.
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TL;DR: The first direct evidence that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II) is presented and the detailed structure of a miRNA gene is described, for the first time, by determining the promoter and the terminator of mir‐23a∼27a‐24‐2.
Journal ArticleDOI
NF-κB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses
TL;DR: A role is proposed for miR-146 in control of Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling through a negative feedback regulation loop involving down-regulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF receptor- associated factor 6 protein levels.