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Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2

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TLDR
This work presents DESeq2, a method for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates, which enables a more quantitative analysis focused on the strength rather than the mere presence of differential expression.
Abstract
In comparative high-throughput sequencing assays, a fundamental task is the analysis of count data, such as read counts per gene in RNA-seq, for evidence of systematic changes across experimental conditions. Small replicate numbers, discreteness, large dynamic range and the presence of outliers require a suitable statistical approach. We present DESeq2, a method for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates. This enables a more quantitative analysis focused on the strength rather than the mere presence of differential expression. The DESeq2 package is available at http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html .

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Type I interferons instigate fetal demise after Zika virus infection

TL;DR: The results implicate type I IFNs as a possible mediator of pregnancy complications, including spontaneous abortions and growth restriction, in the context of congenital viral infections.
Journal ArticleDOI

A single bacterial genus maintains root growth in a complex microbiome.

TL;DR: Experiments using an ecologically realistic 185-member bacterial synthetic community in the root system of Arabidopsis reveal that Variovorax bacteria can influence plant hormone levels to reverse the inhibitory effect of the community on root growth.
Journal ArticleDOI

Chromatin interaction analysis reveals changes in small chromosome and telomere clustering between epithelial and breast cancer cells

TL;DR: Evidence is shown of an intricate relationship between chromosomal organization and gene expression between epithelial and breast cancer cells, and a genome-wide view of higher-order chromatin dynamics and a resource for studying higher- order chromatin interactions in two cell lines commonly used to study the progression of breast cancer.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing

TL;DR: In this paper, a different approach to problems of multiple significance testing is presented, which calls for controlling the expected proportion of falsely rejected hypotheses -the false discovery rate, which is equivalent to the FWER when all hypotheses are true but is smaller otherwise.
Journal ArticleDOI

edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data.

TL;DR: EdgeR as mentioned in this paper is a Bioconductor software package for examining differential expression of replicated count data, which uses an overdispersed Poisson model to account for both biological and technical variability and empirical Bayes methods are used to moderate the degree of overdispersion across transcripts, improving the reliability of inference.
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Generalized Linear Models

TL;DR: In this paper, a generalization of the analysis of variance is given for these models using log- likelihoods, illustrated by examples relating to four distributions; the Normal, Binomial (probit analysis, etc.), Poisson (contingency tables), and gamma (variance components).
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The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the important ideas in these areas in a common conceptual framework, and the emphasis is on concepts rather than mathematics, with a liberal use of color graphics.
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