Mortality in Mental Disorders and Global Disease Burden Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
TLDR
Estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide, and efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.Abstract:
Importance Despite the potential importance of understanding excess mortality among people with mental disorders, no comprehensive meta-analyses have been conducted quantifying mortality across mental disorders. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality among people with mental disorders and examine differences in mortality risks by type of death, diagnosis, and study characteristics. Data sources We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science from inception through May 7, 2014, including references of eligible articles. Our search strategy included terms for mental disorders (eg, mental disorders, serious mental illness, and severe mental illness), specific diagnoses (eg, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder), and mortality. We also used Google Scholar to identify articles that cited eligible articles. Study selection English-language cohort studies that reported a mortality estimate of mental disorders compared with a general population or controls from the same study setting without mental illness were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed the titles, abstracts, and articles. Of 2481 studies identified, 203 articles met the eligibility criteria and represented 29 countries in 6 continents. Data extraction and synthesis One reviewer conducted a full abstraction of all data, and 2 reviewers verified accuracy. Main outcomes and measures Mortality estimates (eg, standardized mortality ratios, relative risks, hazard ratios, odds ratios, and years of potential life lost) comparing people with mental disorders and the general population or people without mental disorders. We used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool mortality ratios for all, natural, and unnatural causes of death. We also examined years of potential life lost and estimated the population attributable risk of mortality due to mental disorders. Results For all-cause mortality, the pooled relative risk of mortality among those with mental disorders (from 148 studies) was 2.22 (95% CI, 2.12-2.33). Of these, 135 studies revealed that mortality was significantly higher among people with mental disorders than among the comparison population. A total of 67.3% of deaths among people with mental disorders were due to natural causes, 17.5% to unnatural causes, and the remainder to other or unknown causes. The median years of potential life lost was 10 years (n = 24 studies). We estimate that 14.3% of deaths worldwide, or approximately 8 million deaths each year, are attributable to mental disorders. Conclusions and relevance These estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide. Efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.read more
Citations
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All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with severe mental illness in Brazil's public health system, 2000–15: a retrospective study
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors estimate all-cause and cause-specific relative risk (RR) and excess mortality rate (EMR) in a nationwide cohort of patients with severe mental illness compared with inpatients without severe mental illnesses in a middle-income country, Brazil.
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Stepwise expansion of evidence‐based care is needed for mental health reform
TL;DR: E‐health has a key role to play at all stages of illness but must be integrated in a complementary way, rather than as a barrier to access, and research and evaluation are the keys to cost‐effective, sustainable reform.
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Cardiovascular Risk for Patients With and Without Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Bipolar Disorder
Rebecca C. Rossom,Stephanie A. Hooker,Patrick J. O'Connor,A. Lauren Crain,JoAnn M. Sperl-Hillen +4 more
TL;DR: The significantly increased cardiovascular risk associated with SMI is evident even in young adults, suggesting the importance of addressing uncontrolled major cardiovascular risk factors in those with S MI at as early an age as possible.
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All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with severe mental illness in Brazil's public health system, 2000–15: a retrospective study
Ana Paula Souto Melo,Ilse N. Dippenaar,Sarah Charlotte Johnson,Nicole Davis Weaver,Francisco de Assis Acurcio,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro,Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior,Eve E. Wool,Mohsen Naghavi,Mariângela Leal Cherchiglia +10 more
TL;DR: In contrast to studies from HICs, inpat patients with severe mental illness in Brazil had high RR for idiopathic epilepsy, tuberculosis, HIV, and acute hepatitis, and no significant difference in mortality from cancer compared with inpatients without severe mentally illness.
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