Mortality in Mental Disorders and Global Disease Burden Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
TLDR
Estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide, and efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.Abstract:
Importance Despite the potential importance of understanding excess mortality among people with mental disorders, no comprehensive meta-analyses have been conducted quantifying mortality across mental disorders. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality among people with mental disorders and examine differences in mortality risks by type of death, diagnosis, and study characteristics. Data sources We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science from inception through May 7, 2014, including references of eligible articles. Our search strategy included terms for mental disorders (eg, mental disorders, serious mental illness, and severe mental illness), specific diagnoses (eg, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder), and mortality. We also used Google Scholar to identify articles that cited eligible articles. Study selection English-language cohort studies that reported a mortality estimate of mental disorders compared with a general population or controls from the same study setting without mental illness were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed the titles, abstracts, and articles. Of 2481 studies identified, 203 articles met the eligibility criteria and represented 29 countries in 6 continents. Data extraction and synthesis One reviewer conducted a full abstraction of all data, and 2 reviewers verified accuracy. Main outcomes and measures Mortality estimates (eg, standardized mortality ratios, relative risks, hazard ratios, odds ratios, and years of potential life lost) comparing people with mental disorders and the general population or people without mental disorders. We used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool mortality ratios for all, natural, and unnatural causes of death. We also examined years of potential life lost and estimated the population attributable risk of mortality due to mental disorders. Results For all-cause mortality, the pooled relative risk of mortality among those with mental disorders (from 148 studies) was 2.22 (95% CI, 2.12-2.33). Of these, 135 studies revealed that mortality was significantly higher among people with mental disorders than among the comparison population. A total of 67.3% of deaths among people with mental disorders were due to natural causes, 17.5% to unnatural causes, and the remainder to other or unknown causes. The median years of potential life lost was 10 years (n = 24 studies). We estimate that 14.3% of deaths worldwide, or approximately 8 million deaths each year, are attributable to mental disorders. Conclusions and relevance These estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide. Efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.read more
Citations
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Water extract of Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. Alleviates the depression-like behaviors in acute- and chronic mild stress-induced rodent models via anti-inflammatory action.
Yu-En Lin,Hsiang-Lan Wang,Kuan-Hung Lu,Yun-Ju Huang,Suraphan Panyod,Wei-Ting Liu,Shu-Hui Yang,Mei-Hsing Chen,Yun-Shen Lu,Lee-Yan Sheen,Lee-Yan Sheen +10 more
TL;DR: WAM exhibited acute and chronic antidepressant-like effects, and may result from the anti-inflammatory actions, and the development of AM as a dietary therapy or adjuvant for depression treatment should be considered.
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Building a Global Mental Health Research Workforce: Perspectives from the National Institute of Mental Health.
TL;DR: NIMH activities in support of global mental health research training and future directions for research training in globalmental health are described.
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Filling the gaps and finding our way: family carers navigating the healthcare system to access physical health services for the people they care for.
Brenda Happell,Brenda Happell,Karen Wilson,Karen Wilson,Chris Platania-Phung,Chris Platania-Phung,Robert Stanton,Robert Stanton,Robert Stanton +8 more
TL;DR: The findings identify carers as key stakeholders in the physical health care for the people they care for and provide vital perspective on health service capacity, which requires further consideration in the practice and research domains.
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Leisure-time physical activity is negatively associated with depression symptoms independently of the socioeconomic status.
Adilson Marques,Adilson Marques,Miguel Peralta,Élvio R. Gouveia,João Martins,Hugo Sarmento,Diego Gomez-Baya +6 more
TL;DR: Independently of sociodemographic characteristics, LTPA is associated with DS and can benefit everyone, and public health policies for promoting mental health should include PA promotion as an important strategy for the prevention or treatment of DS.
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Perspectives on Providing And Receiving Preventive Health Care From Primary Care Providers and Their Patients With Mental Illnesses.
TL;DR: A few clinical changes could help patients complete preventive care recommendations and improve health behaviors: improving clinician–patient collaboration on realistic goal setting, increasing visit time or utilizing behavioral health consultants that bridge primary and specialty mental health care, and increasing educational and tangible patient support services.
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