Mortality in Mental Disorders and Global Disease Burden Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
TLDR
Estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide, and efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.Abstract:
Importance Despite the potential importance of understanding excess mortality among people with mental disorders, no comprehensive meta-analyses have been conducted quantifying mortality across mental disorders. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality among people with mental disorders and examine differences in mortality risks by type of death, diagnosis, and study characteristics. Data sources We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science from inception through May 7, 2014, including references of eligible articles. Our search strategy included terms for mental disorders (eg, mental disorders, serious mental illness, and severe mental illness), specific diagnoses (eg, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder), and mortality. We also used Google Scholar to identify articles that cited eligible articles. Study selection English-language cohort studies that reported a mortality estimate of mental disorders compared with a general population or controls from the same study setting without mental illness were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed the titles, abstracts, and articles. Of 2481 studies identified, 203 articles met the eligibility criteria and represented 29 countries in 6 continents. Data extraction and synthesis One reviewer conducted a full abstraction of all data, and 2 reviewers verified accuracy. Main outcomes and measures Mortality estimates (eg, standardized mortality ratios, relative risks, hazard ratios, odds ratios, and years of potential life lost) comparing people with mental disorders and the general population or people without mental disorders. We used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool mortality ratios for all, natural, and unnatural causes of death. We also examined years of potential life lost and estimated the population attributable risk of mortality due to mental disorders. Results For all-cause mortality, the pooled relative risk of mortality among those with mental disorders (from 148 studies) was 2.22 (95% CI, 2.12-2.33). Of these, 135 studies revealed that mortality was significantly higher among people with mental disorders than among the comparison population. A total of 67.3% of deaths among people with mental disorders were due to natural causes, 17.5% to unnatural causes, and the remainder to other or unknown causes. The median years of potential life lost was 10 years (n = 24 studies). We estimate that 14.3% of deaths worldwide, or approximately 8 million deaths each year, are attributable to mental disorders. Conclusions and relevance These estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide. Efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.read more
Citations
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Integrated Care for Older Adults with Serious Mental Illness and Medical Comorbidity: Evidence-Based Models and Future Research Directions.
TL;DR: This overview highlights current, evidence-based integrated care models, which predominantly adopt the following approaches: (1) psychosocial skills training, (2) integrated illness self-management, and (3) collaborative care and behavioral health homes.
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Effects of psychopharmacological treatment with antipsychotic drugs on the vascular system.
TL;DR: This clinical orientated review article covers direct and indirect effects of antipsychotic drugs on the vascular system.
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Integrating behavioral healthcare for individuals with serious mental illness: A randomized controlled trial of a peer health navigator intervention.
TL;DR: Peer providers using a manualized intervention can be an important part of the efforts to address the general medical care of individuals with serious mental illnesses.
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Relative Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in People with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Shu-I Wu,Su-Chiu Chen,Shen-Ing Liu,Fang-Ju Sun,Jimmy J.M. Juang,Hsin Chien Lee,Kai-Liang Kao,Michael E. Dewey,Martin Prince,Robert Stewart +9 more
TL;DR: In this large national sample, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were associated with raised risk of AMI in women and in the younger age groups although showed differences in potential confounding and modifying factors.
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Epigenetic age in male combat-exposed war veterans: Associations with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder status
Josine E. Verhoeven,Ruoting Yang,Owen M. Wolkowitz,Francesco Saverio Bersani,Francesco Saverio Bersani,Daniel Lindqvist,Daniel Lindqvist,Synthia H. Mellon,Rachel Yehuda,Janine D. Flory,Janine D. Flory,Jue Lin,Duna Abu-Amara,Iouri Makotkine,Iouri Makotkine,Charles R. Marmar,Marti Jett,Rasha Hammamieh +17 more
TL;DR: Current antidepressant use and higher telomerase activity were related to relatively less epigenetic aging in veterans with PTSD, speculative of a mechanistic pathway that might attenuate biological aging-related processes in the context of PTSD.
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