Myokine Response to High-Intensity Interval vs. Resistance Exercise: An Individual Approach.
Zihong He,Ye Tian,Pedro L. Valenzuela,Chuanye Huang,Jiexiu Zhao,Ping Hong,Zilin He,Shuhui Yin,Alejandro Lucia +8 more
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TLDR
The results show no overall differences in the myokine response to HIIT or RT, and it is mostly the individual response of each subject rather than general recommendations on type of training session that must be taken into consideration for maximizing cardiometabolic benefits in the context of personalized exercise prescription.Abstract:
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the response to acute exercise of several myokines/hormones involved in metabolic function between two types of training sessions that are growing in popularity for their purported cardiometabolic benefits, high-intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance training (RT). Methods: Seventeen healthy, non-athletic men (23 ± 3 years) participated in this cross-over study. They randomly performed a HIIT [with short (HIIT1) or long (HIIT2) intervals] or a RT session. The concentration of fibroblast-growth factor (FGF) 21, follistatin, ghrelin, interleukin-15, irisin, myostatin, and peptide YY was measured at baseline and 0, 1, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. An individual approach was adopted to determine the rate of responsiveness to each specific cytokine and training mode. Results: A significant condition (session type) by time interaction (p = 0.004) effect was observed for FGF21, with RT eliciting a greater area under the curve (AUC) concentration than HIIT1 (p = 0.02). The AUC for follistatin was significantly greater after HIIT2 compared with RT (p = 0.02). Individual responsiveness to all session types ranged between 19 and 93% depending on the cytokine. However, most subjects (71-100%) responded positively for all cytokines (except for irisin, with only 53% of responders) after 1+ session type. Conclusion: Except for FGF21, our results show no overall differences in the myokine response to HIIT or RT. A considerable individual variability was observed, with some subjects responding to some but not other training session types. Notwithstanding, most responded to at least one training session. Thus, it is mostly the individual response of each subject rather than general recommendations on type of training session (i.e., RT vs. HIIT or HIIT subtypes) that must be taken into consideration for maximizing cardiometabolic benefits in the context of personalized exercise prescription.read more
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Exerkines in health, resilience and disease
Lisa S. Chow,Robert E. Gerszten,Joan M. Taylor,Bente Klarlund Pedersen,Henriette van Praag,Scott Trappe,Mark A. Febbraio,Zorina S. Galis,Yunling Gao,Jacob M. Haus,Ian R. Lanza,Carl J. Lavie,Chih Hao Lee,Alejandro Lucia,Cedric Moro,Ambarish Pandey,Jeremy M. Robbins,Kristin I. Stanford,Alice E. Thackray,Saul A. Villeda,Matthew J. Watt,Ashley Y. Xia,Juleen R. Zierath,Bret H. Goodpaster,Michael P. Snyder +24 more
TL;DR: Exerkines are signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and or autocrine pathways as discussed by the authors .
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Physical Activity and Brain Health
TL;DR: The potential mechanisms underlying the effects of PA on brain health are discussed, focusing on hormones, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitters, the release of which is modulated by PA, as well as on the intra- and extra-cellular pathways that regulate the expression of some of the genes involved.
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Exercise-Induced Myokines With Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Wasting.
TL;DR: Restoring myokines by physical activity may be added to the list of mechanisms by which exercise exerts preventative or curative effects against a large number of diseases, including the deleterious muscle wasting they may cause.
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A role for FNDC5/Irisin in the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain and in neurodegenerative diseases.
TL;DR: This review will focus on FNDC5 and its secreted form, the newly discovered myokine "irisin", and their role in the beneficial effects of exercise and its potential application in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps.
TL;DR: The conclusion is that although myostatin alone might not prove to be a feasible biomarker, it could become an important part of a recently proposed panel of muscle wasting biomarkers.
References
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Irisin: what promise does it hold?
TL;DR: The discovery of irisin provides more insight into exercise-induced browning of adipose tissue, and therefore leads to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying body weight regulation and further down the road possibly may lead to treatment strategies of diseases with greatly altered body weight such as obesity or anorexia nervosa.
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Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: A New Therapeutic Option for Chronic Diseases Based on Contraction-Induced Myokine Secretion.
Fabian Sanchis-Gomar,Sergio López-López,Carlos Romero-Morales,Nicola Maffulli,Giuseppe Lippi,Helios Pareja-Galeano +5 more
TL;DR: The current evidence supporting NMES as an effective physical exercise substitute for inducing myokine production and its potential applications in health and disease is reviewed.
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Impact of FGF21 on glycemic control
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge about the regulation of FGF21 by distinct metabolic and endogenous factors, considering the most relevant studies, and potential mechanisms of the molecular regulation ofFGF21 expression and secretion are reviewed.