Myokine Response to High-Intensity Interval vs. Resistance Exercise: An Individual Approach.
Zihong He,Ye Tian,Pedro L. Valenzuela,Chuanye Huang,Jiexiu Zhao,Ping Hong,Zilin He,Shuhui Yin,Alejandro Lucia +8 more
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TLDR
The results show no overall differences in the myokine response to HIIT or RT, and it is mostly the individual response of each subject rather than general recommendations on type of training session that must be taken into consideration for maximizing cardiometabolic benefits in the context of personalized exercise prescription.Abstract:
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the response to acute exercise of several myokines/hormones involved in metabolic function between two types of training sessions that are growing in popularity for their purported cardiometabolic benefits, high-intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance training (RT). Methods: Seventeen healthy, non-athletic men (23 ± 3 years) participated in this cross-over study. They randomly performed a HIIT [with short (HIIT1) or long (HIIT2) intervals] or a RT session. The concentration of fibroblast-growth factor (FGF) 21, follistatin, ghrelin, interleukin-15, irisin, myostatin, and peptide YY was measured at baseline and 0, 1, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. An individual approach was adopted to determine the rate of responsiveness to each specific cytokine and training mode. Results: A significant condition (session type) by time interaction (p = 0.004) effect was observed for FGF21, with RT eliciting a greater area under the curve (AUC) concentration than HIIT1 (p = 0.02). The AUC for follistatin was significantly greater after HIIT2 compared with RT (p = 0.02). Individual responsiveness to all session types ranged between 19 and 93% depending on the cytokine. However, most subjects (71-100%) responded positively for all cytokines (except for irisin, with only 53% of responders) after 1+ session type. Conclusion: Except for FGF21, our results show no overall differences in the myokine response to HIIT or RT. A considerable individual variability was observed, with some subjects responding to some but not other training session types. Notwithstanding, most responded to at least one training session. Thus, it is mostly the individual response of each subject rather than general recommendations on type of training session (i.e., RT vs. HIIT or HIIT subtypes) that must be taken into consideration for maximizing cardiometabolic benefits in the context of personalized exercise prescription.read more
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Exerkines in health, resilience and disease
Lisa S. Chow,Robert E. Gerszten,Joan M. Taylor,Bente Klarlund Pedersen,Henriette van Praag,Scott Trappe,Mark A. Febbraio,Zorina S. Galis,Yunling Gao,Jacob M. Haus,Ian R. Lanza,Carl J. Lavie,Chih Hao Lee,Alejandro Lucia,Cedric Moro,Ambarish Pandey,Jeremy M. Robbins,Kristin I. Stanford,Alice E. Thackray,Saul A. Villeda,Matthew J. Watt,Ashley Y. Xia,Juleen R. Zierath,Bret H. Goodpaster,Michael P. Snyder +24 more
TL;DR: Exerkines are signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and or autocrine pathways as discussed by the authors .
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Physical Activity and Brain Health
TL;DR: The potential mechanisms underlying the effects of PA on brain health are discussed, focusing on hormones, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitters, the release of which is modulated by PA, as well as on the intra- and extra-cellular pathways that regulate the expression of some of the genes involved.
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Exercise-Induced Myokines With Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Wasting.
TL;DR: Restoring myokines by physical activity may be added to the list of mechanisms by which exercise exerts preventative or curative effects against a large number of diseases, including the deleterious muscle wasting they may cause.
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A role for FNDC5/Irisin in the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain and in neurodegenerative diseases.
TL;DR: This review will focus on FNDC5 and its secreted form, the newly discovered myokine "irisin", and their role in the beneficial effects of exercise and its potential application in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps.
TL;DR: The conclusion is that although myostatin alone might not prove to be a feasible biomarker, it could become an important part of a recently proposed panel of muscle wasting biomarkers.
References
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The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvements in body composition in overweight and obese adults.
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Influence of resistance and aerobic exercise on hunger, circulating levels of acylated ghrelin, and peptide YY in healthy males.
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Effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) on fitness in adults: a meta-analysis of controlled and non-controlled trials
TL;DR: Low-volume HIT produces moderate improvements in the aerobic power of active non-athletic and sedentary subjects and on Wingate peak and mean power, and more studies are needed to resolve the unclear modifying effects of sex and HIT dose on aerobic power and the unclear effects on sprint fitness.
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Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases
TL;DR: In this review, physical inactivity is given the central role as an independent and strong risk factor for accumulation of visceral fat and consequently the activation of a network of systemic inflammatory pathways, which promote development of neurodegeneration as well as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and tumour growth.
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Evidence against a beneficial effect of irisin in humans
Silja Raschke,Manuela Elsen,Hans Gassenhuber,Mark Sommerfeld,Uwe Schwahn,Barbara Brockmann,Raphael Jung,Ulrik Wisløff,Arnt Erik Tjønna,Truls Raastad,Jostein Hallén,Frode Norheim,Christian A. Drevon,Tania Romacho,Kristin Eckardt,Juergen Eckel +15 more
TL;DR: It is rather unlikely that the beneficial effect of irisin observed in mice can be translated to humans, according to analyses of genomic DNA, mRNA and expressed sequence tags.