Nano-topography sensing by osteoclasts.
TLDR
It was observed that steps or sub-micrometer cracks on the smooth surface stimulate local ring formation, raising the possibility that similar imperfections on bone surfaces may stimulate local osteoclast resorptive activity.Abstract:
Bone resorption by osteoclasts depends on the assembly of a specialized, actin-rich adhesive ‘sealing zone’ that delimits the area designed for degradation. In this study, we show that the level of roughness of the underlying adhesive surface has a profound effect on the formation and stability of the sealing zone and the associated F-actin. As our primary model substrate, we use ‘smooth’ and ‘rough’ calcite crystals with average topography values of 12 nm and 530 nm, respectively. We show that the smooth surfaces induce the formation of small and unstable actin rings with a typical lifespan of ~8 minutes, whereas the sealing zones formed on the rough calcite surfaces are considerably larger, and remain stable for more than 6 hours. It was further observed that steps or sub-micrometer cracks on the smooth surface stimulate local ring formation, raising the possibility that similar imperfections on bone surfaces may stimulate local osteoclast resorptive activity. The mechanisms whereby the physical properties of the substrate influence osteoclast behavior and their involvement in osteoclast function are discussed.read more
Citations
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Nanotopographical Control of Stem Cell Differentiation
Laura E. McNamara,Rebecca J. McMurray,Manus J.P. Biggs,Fahsai Kantawong,Richard O.C. Oreffo,Matthew J. Dalby +5 more
TL;DR: Nanotopography is examined as a means to guide differentiation, and its application is described in the context of different subsets of stem cells, with a particular focus on skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells.
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Degrading devices: invadosomes in proteolytic cell invasion.
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Extracellular matrix networks in bone remodeling.
TL;DR: This comprehensive review will focus on how networks of ECM proteins function to regulate osteoclast- and osteoblast-mediated bone remodeling and the clinical significance of these networks on normal bone and as they relate to pathologies of bone mass and geometry will be considered.
References
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In vitro studies of human and rat osteoclast activity on hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate
TL;DR: Investigations on the ceramic degradation caused by osteoclasts are designed to assess osteoclast-ceramic interactions and to determine which ceramics are more suitable for use as bone substitute to study the ceramic resorption.
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The heel and toe of the cell's foot: a multifaceted approach for understanding the structure and dynamics of focal adhesions.
TL;DR: The mechanistic relationships between the process of FA development, maturation and dissociation and the dynamic molecular events, which take place in different regions of the FA, are addressed, primarily in the distal end of this structure and the proximal "heel."
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Substratum roughness alters the growth, area, and focal adhesions of epithelial cells, and their proximity to titanium surfaces.
TL;DR: The size and shape of surface features are important determinants of epithelial adhesive behavior and epithelial coverage of rough surfaces would be difficult to attain if such surfaces become exposed.
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Focal adhesion contact formation by fibroblasts cultured on surface-modified dental implants: an in vitro study
Birte Grössner-Schreiber,Maren Herzog,Jürgen Hedderich,Alexander Dück,Matthias Hannig,Michael Griepentrog +5 more
TL;DR: The results revealed a strong correlation between the number of FACs and the surface roughness, and these surfaces appear to favor cellular attachment of human gingival fibroblasts and moreover in previous studies the hard coatings have been shown to reduce bacterial adhesion.