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Natural convection of nano-fluids

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TLDR
In this article, an apparently paradoxical behaviour of heat transfer deterioration was observed in nano-fluid and its dependence on parameters such as particle concentration, material of the particles and geometry of the containing cavity have been investigated.
Abstract
Fluids with nano size solid particles suspended in them have been given the name nano-fluid which in recent studies have shown tremendous promise as heat transfer fluids. However, before suggesting such fluids for applications a thorough knowledge of physical mechanism of heat transfer in such fluids is wanted. The present study deals with one such aspect of natural convection of nano fluids inside horizontal cylinder heated from one end and cooled from the other. An apparently paradoxical behaviour of heat transfer deterioration was observed in the experimental study. Nature of this deterioration and its dependence on parameters such as particle concentration, material of the particles and geometry of the containing cavity have been investigated. The fluid shows characters distinct from that of common slurries.

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Natural convection in an inclined cavity with time-periodic temperature boundary conditions using nanofluids: Application in solar collectors

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of Rayleigh number, oscillating frequency, cavity inclination angle and nanoparticles volume fraction on fluid flow and heat transfer have been analyzed in an inclined square cavity having isothermal wall at x¯ = L, while temperature of the wall x ¯ = 0 is changed as a sinusoidal function of time, other walls are adiabatic.
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A comprehensive review on rheological behavior of mono and hybrid nanofluids: Effective parameters and predictive correlations

TL;DR: In this article, a brief introduction of nanofluid and its applications have been discussed in the first part and the classical equations suggested for predicting the viscosity of nanophotonics and their accuracy have been reviewed.
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Natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids in a vertical cavity: Effects of non-uniform particle diameter and temperature on thermal conductivity

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the heat transfer and fluid flow of natural convection in a cavity filled with Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluid that operates under differentially heated walls.
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The potential of using nanofluids in PEM fuel cell cooling systems: A review

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the potential and challenges of using nanofluids in cooling systems for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) in automotive applications.
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Opportunities and challenges in micro- and nano-technologies for concentrating photovoltaic cooling: A review

TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of micro-and nano-technologies applicable to passive concentrating photovoltaic cooling and associated manufacturing technologies (such as monolithic applications) is presented.
References
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Book

A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism

TL;DR: The most influential nineteenth-century scientist for twentieth-century physics, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field as discussed by the authors.
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Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a "nanofluid" consisting of copper nanometer-sized particles dispersed in ethylene glycol has a much higher effective thermal conductivity than either pure or pure glycol or even polyethylene glycol containing the same volume fraction of dispersed oxide nanoparticles.
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Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Fluids Containing Oxide Nanoparticles

TL;DR: In this paper, a transient hot-wire method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of a small amount of nanoparticles and the experimental results showed that these nanoparticles have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed two different approaches for deriving heat transfer correlation of the nanofluid, and investigated the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement of the nano-fluid.
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