Journal ArticleDOI
New findings on the pollination biology of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in Roraima, Brazil: Linking dioecy, wind, and habitat
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TLDR
Floral visitors of M. flexuosa are not pollinators, and wind pollination is not necessarily most effective in open habitats, which can improve management strategies of this natural resource in the Amazon.Abstract:
UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Despite the ecological, economic, and cultural importance of the palm Mauritia flexuosa in Amazonia, knowledge of its reproductive biology is scarce. Previous observations of this species suggested beetles as the probable pollinator, but experimental work to confirm this hypothesis was lacking. • METHODS We investigated the floral biology and pollination of M. flexuosa in undisturbed forest, undisturbed savanna/forest ecotone, and fragmented savanna within plantations of the exotic tree, Acacia mangium, in northern Brazilian Amazonia. In each habitat, we examined floral biology, combined floral visitor observations with laboratory analyses, and performed anemophily and exclusion experiments. • KEY RESULTS Fruit set was significantly greater in the visitor exclusion treatment than in the wind + visitor exclusion treatment and significantly lower in the wind + visitor exclusion treatment than the open control, but there was no difference in fruit set between the visitor exclusion treatment and the control. We found no significant difference in pollen dispersal among the three habitats. The presence of A. mangium appears to have no immediate effect on pollination of M. flexuosa, although it may indirectly affect other aspects of this native's reproductive ecology. • CONCLUSIONS Floral visitors of M. flexuosa are not pollinators. This dioecious palm depends on wind as its primary pollen vector. Wind pollination is not necessarily most effective in open habitats. These findings are important because they re-evaluate traditional assumptions of wind pollination and can improve management strategies of this natural resource in the Amazon.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom: CONVOLVULACEÆ
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of cross-fertilisation and self fertilization on the production of seeds are discussed. But the main difference between cross-and self-flowered plants is the height and weights of the crossed and self-flowering plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp communities: natural or human-made? A palynological study of the Gran Sabana region (northern South America) within a neotropical context
Valentí Rull,Encarnación Montoya +1 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of the available records of Mauritia pollen across northern South America shows that this palm has been present in the region since at least the last four glacial cycles as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecology, livelihoods, and management of the Mauritia flexuosa palm in South America
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of published information about the ecology, livelihoods, and management of Mauritia flexuosa, synthesized the information and identified knowledge gaps, and analyzed the spatial distribution of publications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Flower visitors of the licuri palm (Syagrus coronata): brood pollinators coexist with a diverse community of antagonists and mutualists
Journal ArticleDOI
The palm Mauritia flexuosa, a keystone plant resource on multiple fronts
TL;DR: It is proposed that the Neotropical palm species Mauritia flexuosa, though abundant locally, plays a role resembling that of a hyperkeystone species, which provides multiple types of key plant resources and provides multiple ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops
Alexandra-Maria Klein,Bernard E. Vaissière,James H. Cane,Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter,Saul A. Cunningham,Claire Kremen,Teja Tscharntke +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that fruit, vegetable or seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not rely upon animalPollination, however, global production volumes give a contrasting perspective.
Book
The theory of sex allocation
TL;DR: This book is the first comprehensive treatment of sex allocation from the standpoint of modern evolutionary theory, showing how the determination of sex ratio, resource allocation to sperm versus egg within simultaneous hermaphroditism, and the evolution of sex reversal can be explained as examples of a single process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems
Aaron M. Ellison,Michael S. Bank,Barton D. Clinton,Elizabeth A. Colburn,Katherine J. Elliott,Chelcy R. Ford,David R. Foster,Brian D. Kloeppel,Jennifer D. Knoepp,Gary M. Lovett,Jacqueline E. Mohan,David A. Orwig,Nicholas L. Rodenhouse,William V. Sobczak,Kristina A. Stinson,Jeffrey K. Stone,Christopher M. Swan,Jill Thompson,Betsy Von Holle,Jackson R. Webster +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the loss of foundation tree species changes the local environment on which a variety of other species depend and how this disrupts fundamental ecosystem processes, including rates of decomposition, nutrient fluxes, carbon sequestration, and energy flow.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification
Teja Tscharntke,Yann Clough,Thomas C. Wanger,Thomas C. Wanger,Louise E. Jackson,Iris Motzke,Iris Motzke,Ivette Perfecto,John Vandermeer,Anthony M. Whitbread +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the true value of functional biodiversity on the farm is often inadequately acknowledged or understood, while conventional intensification tends to disrupt beneficial functions of biodiversity.
Special Issue Article: Advancing Environmental Conservation: Essays In Honor Of Navjot Sodhi Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification
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