Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology of obesity and effects on lung function.
Cheryl M. Salome,Gregory G. King,Gregory G. King,Gregory G. King,Norbert Berend,Norbert Berend +5 more
TLDR
Obesity has effects on lung function that can reduce respiratory well-being, even in the absence of specific respiratory disease, and may also exaggerate the effects of existing airway disease.Abstract:
In obese people, the presence of adipose tissue around the rib cage and abdomen and in the visceral cavity loads the chest wall and reduces functional residual capacity (FRC). The reduction in FRC and in expiratory reserve volume is detectable, even at a modest increase in weight. However, obesity has little direct effect on airway caliber. Spirometric variables decrease in proportion to lung volumes, but are rarely below the normal range, even in the extremely obese, while reductions in expiratory flows and increases in airway resistance are largely normalized by adjusting for lung volumes. Nevertheless, the reduction in FRC has consequences for other aspects of lung function. A low FRC increases the risk of both expiratory flow limitation and airway closure. Marked reductions in expiratory reserve volume may lead to abnormalities in ventilation distribution, with closure of airways in the dependent zones of the lung and ventilation perfusion inequalities. Greater airway closure during tidal breathing is associated with lower arterial oxygen saturation in some subjects, even though lung CO-diffusing capacity is normal or increased in the obese. Bronchoconstriction has the potential to enhance the effects of obesity on airway closure and thus on ventilation distribution. Thus obesity has effects on lung function that can reduce respiratory well-being, even in the absence of specific respiratory disease, and may also exaggerate the effects of existing airway disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Oxygenation and ventilation characteristics in obese sedated dogs before and after weight loss: a clinical trial.
Martina Mosing,Alexander J. German,Alexander J. German,Shelley L. Holden,Paul D Macfarlane,Vincent Biourge,Penelope J. Morris,Isabelle Iff +7 more
TL;DR: Obesity decreases oxygenation in dogs during deep sedation, but ventilation is not influenced by obesity, and oxygen status improves with successful weight loss, while Morphometric measurements improved significantly after weight loss.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chest Wall Strapping. An Old Physiology Experiment with New Relevance to Small Airways Diseases
TL;DR: The physiology of chest wall strapping is reviewed and how it could enhance the understanding or even the treatment of small airway diseases, such as COPD and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, is explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic Upper Airway Imaging during Wakefulness in Obese Subjects with and without Sleep Apnea
Yuan Feng,Brendan T. Keenan,Stephen Wang,SE Leinwand,A S Wiemken,Allan I. Pack,Richard Schwab +6 more
TL;DR: Upper airway caliber during respiration was significantly narrower in obese subjects with apnea than obese control subjects in the retropalatal region, providing further evidence that retropALatal airway narrowing plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea in obeseSubjects with Apnea were surveyed during wakefulness in the midsagittal and three axial upper airway regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Associations of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide with lung function: A cross-sectional study in China.
Dongni Hou,Yihui Ge,Cuicui Chen,Qiang Tan,Renjie Chen,Yang Yanjie,Li Li,Jian Wang,Maosong Ye,Chun Li,Xia Meng,Haidong Kan,Jing Cai,Yuanlin Song +13 more
TL;DR: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants was significantly associated with impaired lung function, presenting as restrictive ventilatory patterns in the healthy subgroup and COPD patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Body composition on low dose chest CT is a significant predictor of poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 disease - A multicenter feasibility study.
Jonathan Kottlors,David Zopfs,Philipp Fervers,Johannes Bremm,Nuran Abdullayev,David Maintz,Stephanie Tritt,Thorsten Persigehl +7 more
TL;DR: FMR as potential surrogate of body composition and obesity can be easily determined in initial LDCT of COVID-19 patients, which introduces an approach that can be used for a cost-effective way to help determine the amount of these rare clinical resources required in the near future.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of Body Mass Index on Lung Volumes
TL;DR: It was showed that BMI has significant effects on all of the lung volumes, and the greatest effects were on FRC and ERV, which occurred at BMI values < 30 kg/m2, which will assist clinicians when interpreting PFT results in patients with normal airway function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of obesity on respiratory function
TL;DR: It is concluded that obesity does not usually preclude use of usual predictors, and an abnormal pulmonary function test value should be considered as caused by intrinsic lung disease and not by obesity, except in those with extreme obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compliance of the respiratory system and its components in health and obesity.
A. Naimark,Reuben M. Cherniack +1 more
TL;DR: The compliance of the total respiratory system and its components was studied in normal and obese spontaneously breathing unanesthetized subjects and found that the former are more compliant than the latter.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of body mass on lung volumes, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange during general anesthesia
Paolo Pelosi,M. Croci,I Ravagnan,Stefano Tredici,Alessia Pedoto,Alfredo Lissoni,Luciano Gattinoni +6 more
TL;DR: The effects of body mass index (BMI) on functional residual capacity (FRC), respiratory mechanics, respiratory mechanics (compliance and resistance), gas exchange, and the inspiratory mechanical work done per liter of ventilation during general anesthesia are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Obesity on Respiratory Resistance
TL;DR: It is suggested that in addition to the elastic load, obese subjects have to overcome increased respiratory resistance resulting from the reduction in lung volumes related to being overweight.
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