Polarimetric observations of 15 active galactic nuclei at high frequencies: jet kinematics from bimonthly monitoring with the very long baseline array
Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Alan P. Marscher,Matthew L. Lister,A. M. Stirling,A. M. Stirling,Timothy V. Cawthorne,Walter Kieran Gear,José L. Gómez,Jamie Stevens,Paul S. Smith,James R. Forster,E. Ian Robson +12 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors analyzed the properties of the jets of 15 active galactic nuclei obtained with the Very Long Baseline Array at 7 mm wavelength at 17 epochs from 1998 March to 2001 April.Abstract:
We present total and polarized intensity images of 15 active galactic nuclei obtained with the Very Long Baseline Array at 7 mm wavelength at 17 epochs from 1998 March to 2001 April. At some epochs the images are accompanied by nearly simultaneous polarization measurements at 3 mm, 1.35/0.85 mm, and optical wavelengths. Here we analyze the 7 mm images to define the properties of the jets of two radio galaxies, five BL Lac objects, and eight quasars on angular scales 0.1 mas. We determine the apparent velocities of 106 features in the jets. For many of the features we derive Doppler factors using a new method based on a comparison of the timescale of decline in flux density with the light-travel time across the emitting region. This allows us to estimate the Lorentz factors (Γ), intrinsic brightness temperatures, and viewing angles of 73 superluminal knots, as well as the opening angle of the jet for each source. The Lorentz factors of the jet flows in the different blazars range from Γ ~ 5 to 40 with the majority of the quasar components having Γ ~ 16–18, while the values in the BL Lac objects are more uniformly distributed. The brightest knots in the quasars have the highest apparent speeds, while the more slowly moving components are pronounced in the BL Lac objects. The quasars in our sample have similar opening angles and marginally smaller viewing angles than the BL Lacs. The two radio galaxies have lower Lorentz factors and wider viewing angles than the blazars. Opening angle and Lorentz factor are inversely proportional, as predicted by gasdynamical models. The brightness temperature drops more abruptly with distance from the core in the BL Lac objects than in the quasars and radio galaxies, perhaps owing to stronger magnetic fields in the former resulting in more severe synchrotron losses of the highest energy electrons. In nine sources we detect statistically meaningful deviations from ballistic motion, with the majority of components accelerating with distance from the core. In six sources we identify jet features with characteristics of trailing shocks that form behind the primary strong perturbations in jet simulations. The apparent speeds of these components increase with distance from the core, suggestive of acceleration of the underlying jet.read more
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The inner jet of an active galactic nucleus as revealed by a radio-to-γ-ray outburst
Alan P. Marscher,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Francesca D. D'Arcangelo,Paul S. Smith,G. Grant Williams,Valeri M. Larionov,Haruki Oh,Haruki Oh,Alice Olmstead,Margo F. Aller,Hugh D. Aller,Ian M. McHardy,Anne Lähteenmäki,Merja Tornikoski,Esko Valtaoja,Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn,E. N. Kopatskaya,Walter Kieran Gear,Gino Tosti,Omar M. Kurtanidze,Maria G. Nikolashvili,Lorand A. Sigua,H. Richard Miller,Wesley T. Ryle +24 more
TL;DR: High-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies, as well as a delayed outburst at radio wavelengths that is identified with the acceleration and collimation zone predicted by the theories.
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Leptonic and Hadronic Modeling of Fermi-detected Blazars
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe new implementations of leptonic and hadronic models for the broadband emission from relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei in a temporary steady state.
Journal ArticleDOI
MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments. VI. Kinematics Analysis of a Complete Sample of Blazar Jets
Matthew L. Lister,Marshall H. Cohen,Daniel C. Homan,Matthias Kadler,Kenneth I. Kellermann,Yuri Y. Kovalev,Yuri Y. Kovalev,Eduardo Ros,Eduardo Ros,Tuomas Savolainen,J. A. Zensus +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the jet kinematics of a complete flux-density-limited sample of 135 radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) resulting from a 13-year program to investigate the structure and evolution of parsec-scale jet phenomena are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Probing the Inner Jet of the Quasar PKS 1510?089 with Multi-Waveband Monitoring During Strong Gamma-Ray Activity
Alan P. Marscher,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Valeri M. Larionov,Valeri M. Larionov,Margo F. Aller,Hugh D. Aller,Anne Lähteenmäki,Ivan Agudo,Paul S. Smith,Mark Gurwell,Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn,Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn,Tatiana S. Konstantinova,Elena G. Larionova,L. V. Larionova,Daria A. Melnichuk,Dmitry A. Blinov,Evgenia N. Kopatskaya,Ivan S. Troitsky,Merja Tornikoski,Talvikki Hovatta,Gary D. Schmidt,Francesca D. D'Arcangelo,Francesca D. D'Arcangelo,Dipesh Bhattarai,Brian Taylor,Brian Taylor,Alice Olmstead,Emily Manne-Nicholas,Mar Roca-Sogorb,José L. Gómez,Ian M. McHardy,Omar M. Kurtanidze,Maria G. Nikolashvili,Givi N. Kimeridze,Lorand A. Sigua +36 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results from monitoring the multi-waveband flux, linear polarization, and parsec-scale structure of the quasar PKS 1510-089, concentrating on eight major γ-ray flares that occurred during the interval 2009.5.
Journal ArticleDOI
Black hole spin and the radio loud/quiet dichotomy of active galactic nuclei
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether radio loud/quiet dichotomy can be due to differences in the spin of the central black holes (BHs) that power the radio-emitting jets.
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