Journal ArticleDOI
Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: Budget of a nonsteady state
TLDR
In this article, it was shown that the oceans are not presently in a steady state, suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that one of the missing calcium sources might be groundwater, although its presentday input is probably much smaller than that of rivers.Abstract:
Present-day production of CaCO3 in tne world ocean is calculated to be about 5 billion tons (bt) per year, of which about 3 bt accumulate in sediments; the other 40% is dissolved. Nearly half of the carbonate sediment accumulates on reefs, banks, and tropical shelves, and consists largely of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite. Deep-sea carbonates, predominantly calcitic coccoliths and planktonic foraminifera, have orders of magnitude lower productivity and accumulation rates than shallow-water carbonates, but they cover orders of magnitude larger basin area. Twice as much calcium is removed from the oceans by present-day carbonate accumulation as is estimated to be brought in by rivers and hydrothermal activity (1.6 bt), suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that the oceans are not presently in steady state. One “missing” calcium source might be groundwater, although its present-day input is probably much smaller than that of rivers. If, as seems likely, CaCO3 accumulation presently exceeds terrestial and hydrothermal input, this imbalance presumably is offset by decreased accumulation and increased input during lowered sea level: shallow-water accumulation decreases by an order of magnitude with a 100 m drop in sea level, while groundwater influx increases because of heightened piezometric head and the diagenesis of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite from subaerially exposed shallow-water carbonates.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Super-species in the calcareous plankton
TL;DR: A concept of ‘planktic super-species’ is introduced to describe these constrained morphological monophyletic entities that include several sibling species adapted to different ecological niches.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Contribution of Pteropods to Shallow CaCO3 Export
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new global ocean biogeochemical model that explicitly represents three groups of pelagic calcifiers: pteropods, coccolithophores, and foraminifers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lagoonal facies, ages, and sedimentation in three atolls in the Pacific
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors collected and analyzed surface and core sediments from three Pacific atoll lagoons of various sizes and depths (Kayangel of Palau Islands, Enewetak and Majuro of the Marshall Islands).
Journal ArticleDOI
Contrast in Preservation of Bivalve Death Assemblages in Siliciclastic and Carbonate Tropical Shelf Settings
TL;DR: In this paper, the selectivities, rates, and key agents of destruction in the post-mortem accumulation of skeletal carbonate is determined for understanding the possible bias in the fossil record.
Journal ArticleDOI
The inorganic carbon system in the coastal upwelling region west of Vancouver Island, Canada
Debby Ianson,Susan E. Allen,Shannon L. Harris,Kristin J. Orians,Diana E. Varela,Diana E. Varela,Chi S. Wong +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, inorganic carbon data from the coastal upwelling region west of Vancouver Island, Canada (∼48.5° N, 126° W ) is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biological communities at the Florida escarpment resemble hydrothermal vent taxa.
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Journal ArticleDOI
A biogeochemical study of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Atlantic
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TL;DR: The biogeochemical properties of an extensive bloom (∼250,000 km2) of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the north east Atlantic Ocean were investigated in June 1991.
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