Journal ArticleDOI
Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: Budget of a nonsteady state
TLDR
In this article, it was shown that the oceans are not presently in a steady state, suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that one of the missing calcium sources might be groundwater, although its presentday input is probably much smaller than that of rivers.Abstract:
Present-day production of CaCO3 in tne world ocean is calculated to be about 5 billion tons (bt) per year, of which about 3 bt accumulate in sediments; the other 40% is dissolved. Nearly half of the carbonate sediment accumulates on reefs, banks, and tropical shelves, and consists largely of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite. Deep-sea carbonates, predominantly calcitic coccoliths and planktonic foraminifera, have orders of magnitude lower productivity and accumulation rates than shallow-water carbonates, but they cover orders of magnitude larger basin area. Twice as much calcium is removed from the oceans by present-day carbonate accumulation as is estimated to be brought in by rivers and hydrothermal activity (1.6 bt), suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that the oceans are not presently in steady state. One “missing” calcium source might be groundwater, although its present-day input is probably much smaller than that of rivers. If, as seems likely, CaCO3 accumulation presently exceeds terrestial and hydrothermal input, this imbalance presumably is offset by decreased accumulation and increased input during lowered sea level: shallow-water accumulation decreases by an order of magnitude with a 100 m drop in sea level, while groundwater influx increases because of heightened piezometric head and the diagenesis of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite from subaerially exposed shallow-water carbonates.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean Acidification: The Other CO 2 Problem
TL;DR: The potential for marine organisms to adapt to increasing CO2 and broader implications for ocean ecosystems are not well known; both are high priorities for future research as mentioned in this paper, and both are only imperfect analogs to current conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans
Richard A. Feely,Christopher L. Sabine,Kitack Lee,William M. Berelson,Joanie Kleypas,Victoria J. Fabry,Frank J. Millero +6 more
TL;DR: The in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data are estimated, and the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on Ca CO3 shell–forming species are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2.
Ulf Riebesell,Ingrid Zondervan,Björn Rost,Philippe D. Tortell,Richard E. Zeebe,Richard E. Zeebe,François M. M. Morel +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may slow down the production of calcium carbonate in the surface ocean, as the process of calcification releases CO2 to the atmosphere.
Book Chapter
The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Iain Colin Prentice,Graham D. Farquhar,Mjr Fasham,Michael L. Goulden,Martin Heimann,VJ Jaramillo,Haroon S. Kheshgi,C. Le Quéré,Robert J. Scholes,D. W. R. Wallace +9 more
TL;DR: Contributing Authors D.R.A. Archer, M.M.P. Keeling, D.D.F. Weirig, T. Whorf, A.C. Sitch, R.J. Rayner, S.Q. Tans, H. Yool.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems
TL;DR: In this paper, the primary production, respiration, calcification, carbon burial and exchange with adjacent systems, including the atmosphere, are reviewed for the major coastal ecosystems (estuaries, macrophyte communities, mangroves, coral reefs, and the remaining continental shelf).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Late Pleistocene Paleoclimatology of the Central Equatorial Pacific: Flux Patterns of Biogenic Sediments
TL;DR: In this paper, high-resolution records of the concentration and mass accumulation rate (MAR) of biogenic sediments from core RC11-210 in the central equatorial Pacific are compared for the entire late Pleistocene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Halimeda bioherms along an open seaway: Miskito Channel, Nicaraguan Rise, SW Caribbean Sea
Albert C. Hine,Pamela Hallock,M. W. Harris,Henry T. Mullins,Daniel F. Belknap,Walter C. Jaap +5 more
TL;DR: A recent research cruise to examine small, detached carbonate platforms situated on the Nicaraguan Rise in the SW Caribbean Sea has revealed the presence of numerous Halimeda bioherms as discussed by the authors.
Book ChapterDOI
Holocene Sediment Types and Their Distribution in the Southern Persian Gulf
C. W. Wagner,C. van der Togt +1 more
TL;DR: A simplified classification of the Holocene sediments based on textures and grain type results in fourteen major units, twelve of which are essentially carbonate in composition as discussed by the authors, and a brief description and photographic illustration of these units, together with sedimentary and diagenetic processes which have contributed to their formation, is designed to give the reader a broad but valid impression of Persian Gulf sediments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass balance of biogeochemically active materials (C, N, P) in a hypersaline gulf
Stephen V. Smith,H.H. Veeh +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the mass balance of water, salt, C, N, and P in Spencer Gulf, a large inverse estuary in South Australia, and concluded that supply of PO 4 3- largely controls characteristics of C and N fluxes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphology and sedimentology of Halimeda bioherms from the eastern Java Sea (Indonesia)
TL;DR: In this article, the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of both aragonite and Mg-calcite phases are remarkably homogeneous, but were inconclusive with regard to the cold-water intrusion hypothesis.
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