Journal ArticleDOI
Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: Budget of a nonsteady state
TLDR
In this article, it was shown that the oceans are not presently in a steady state, suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that one of the missing calcium sources might be groundwater, although its presentday input is probably much smaller than that of rivers.Abstract:
Present-day production of CaCO3 in tne world ocean is calculated to be about 5 billion tons (bt) per year, of which about 3 bt accumulate in sediments; the other 40% is dissolved. Nearly half of the carbonate sediment accumulates on reefs, banks, and tropical shelves, and consists largely of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite. Deep-sea carbonates, predominantly calcitic coccoliths and planktonic foraminifera, have orders of magnitude lower productivity and accumulation rates than shallow-water carbonates, but they cover orders of magnitude larger basin area. Twice as much calcium is removed from the oceans by present-day carbonate accumulation as is estimated to be brought in by rivers and hydrothermal activity (1.6 bt), suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that the oceans are not presently in steady state. One “missing” calcium source might be groundwater, although its present-day input is probably much smaller than that of rivers. If, as seems likely, CaCO3 accumulation presently exceeds terrestial and hydrothermal input, this imbalance presumably is offset by decreased accumulation and increased input during lowered sea level: shallow-water accumulation decreases by an order of magnitude with a 100 m drop in sea level, while groundwater influx increases because of heightened piezometric head and the diagenesis of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite from subaerially exposed shallow-water carbonates.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean Acidification: The Other CO 2 Problem
TL;DR: The potential for marine organisms to adapt to increasing CO2 and broader implications for ocean ecosystems are not well known; both are high priorities for future research as mentioned in this paper, and both are only imperfect analogs to current conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans
Richard A. Feely,Christopher L. Sabine,Kitack Lee,William M. Berelson,Joanie Kleypas,Victoria J. Fabry,Frank J. Millero +6 more
TL;DR: The in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data are estimated, and the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on Ca CO3 shell–forming species are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2.
Ulf Riebesell,Ingrid Zondervan,Björn Rost,Philippe D. Tortell,Richard E. Zeebe,Richard E. Zeebe,François M. M. Morel +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may slow down the production of calcium carbonate in the surface ocean, as the process of calcification releases CO2 to the atmosphere.
Book Chapter
The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Iain Colin Prentice,Graham D. Farquhar,Mjr Fasham,Michael L. Goulden,Martin Heimann,VJ Jaramillo,Haroon S. Kheshgi,C. Le Quéré,Robert J. Scholes,D. W. R. Wallace +9 more
TL;DR: Contributing Authors D.R.A. Archer, M.M.P. Keeling, D.D.F. Weirig, T. Whorf, A.C. Sitch, R.J. Rayner, S.Q. Tans, H. Yool.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems
TL;DR: In this paper, the primary production, respiration, calcification, carbon burial and exchange with adjacent systems, including the atmosphere, are reviewed for the major coastal ecosystems (estuaries, macrophyte communities, mangroves, coral reefs, and the remaining continental shelf).
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Time partitioning in cratonic carbonate rocks
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between thickness, duration, and accumulation rate in Holocene sections, metre-scale Phanerozoic cycles, and epoch-interval Epoch-Interval Phanozoic sequences was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quaternary history of calcium carbonate fluctuations in the western equatorial Indian Ocean (Somali Basin)
TL;DR: A study of the Quaternary history of calcium carbonate fluctuations in the equatorial Indian Ocean, based on the Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition Core 154 demonstrates that the Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) was shallower during interglacial periods than during glacials as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Particulate calcium carbonate in New England shelf waters: result of shell degradation and resuspension*
TL;DR: Aragonite and calcite needles were found to be prominent visual components throughout the water column in some areas of the New England (northeastern U.S.A.) continental shelf during winter months as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relict Carbonate-Rich Sediments on Southwestern Grand Bank, Newfoundland
Jens Müller,John D. Milliman +1 more
TL;DR: In contrast to similar carbonate-rich sediments reported from other high-latitude areas, available data indicate that the barnacles were deposited in very shallow water during the last Wurm regression as discussed by the authors.
Related Papers (5)
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
James C. Orr,Victoria J. Fabry,Olivier Aumont,Laurent Bopp,Scott C. Doney,Richard A. Feely,Anand Gnanadesikan,Nicolas Gruber,Akio Ishida,Fortunat Joos,Robert M. Key,Keith Lindsay,Ernst Maier-Reimer,Richard J. Matear,Patrick Monfray,Anne Mouchet,Raymond G. Najjar,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Keith B. Rodgers,Christopher L. Sabine,Jorge L. Sarmiento,Reiner Schlitzer,Richard D. Slater,I. Totterdell,Marie-France Weirig,Yasuhiro Yamanaka,Andrew Yool +26 more