Journal ArticleDOI
Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: Budget of a nonsteady state
TLDR
In this article, it was shown that the oceans are not presently in a steady state, suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that one of the missing calcium sources might be groundwater, although its presentday input is probably much smaller than that of rivers.Abstract:
Present-day production of CaCO3 in tne world ocean is calculated to be about 5 billion tons (bt) per year, of which about 3 bt accumulate in sediments; the other 40% is dissolved. Nearly half of the carbonate sediment accumulates on reefs, banks, and tropical shelves, and consists largely of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite. Deep-sea carbonates, predominantly calcitic coccoliths and planktonic foraminifera, have orders of magnitude lower productivity and accumulation rates than shallow-water carbonates, but they cover orders of magnitude larger basin area. Twice as much calcium is removed from the oceans by present-day carbonate accumulation as is estimated to be brought in by rivers and hydrothermal activity (1.6 bt), suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that the oceans are not presently in steady state. One “missing” calcium source might be groundwater, although its present-day input is probably much smaller than that of rivers. If, as seems likely, CaCO3 accumulation presently exceeds terrestial and hydrothermal input, this imbalance presumably is offset by decreased accumulation and increased input during lowered sea level: shallow-water accumulation decreases by an order of magnitude with a 100 m drop in sea level, while groundwater influx increases because of heightened piezometric head and the diagenesis of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite from subaerially exposed shallow-water carbonates.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean Acidification: The Other CO 2 Problem
TL;DR: The potential for marine organisms to adapt to increasing CO2 and broader implications for ocean ecosystems are not well known; both are high priorities for future research as mentioned in this paper, and both are only imperfect analogs to current conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans
Richard A. Feely,Christopher L. Sabine,Kitack Lee,William M. Berelson,Joanie Kleypas,Victoria J. Fabry,Frank J. Millero +6 more
TL;DR: The in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data are estimated, and the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on Ca CO3 shell–forming species are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2.
Ulf Riebesell,Ingrid Zondervan,Björn Rost,Philippe D. Tortell,Richard E. Zeebe,Richard E. Zeebe,François M. M. Morel +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may slow down the production of calcium carbonate in the surface ocean, as the process of calcification releases CO2 to the atmosphere.
Book Chapter
The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Iain Colin Prentice,Graham D. Farquhar,Mjr Fasham,Michael L. Goulden,Martin Heimann,VJ Jaramillo,Haroon S. Kheshgi,C. Le Quéré,Robert J. Scholes,D. W. R. Wallace +9 more
TL;DR: Contributing Authors D.R.A. Archer, M.M.P. Keeling, D.D.F. Weirig, T. Whorf, A.C. Sitch, R.J. Rayner, S.Q. Tans, H. Yool.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems
TL;DR: In this paper, the primary production, respiration, calcification, carbon burial and exchange with adjacent systems, including the atmosphere, are reviewed for the major coastal ecosystems (estuaries, macrophyte communities, mangroves, coral reefs, and the remaining continental shelf).
References
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Seasonality in the flux of natural radionuclides and plutonium in the deep Sargasso Sea. Technical report
TL;DR: A record of radionuclide fluxes at a deep-ocean station near Bermuda was obtained from analysis of a 3-year collection of sediment-trap samples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Seasonality in the flux of natural radionuclides and plutonium in the deep Sargasso Sea
TL;DR: A record of radionuclide fluxes at a deep-ocean station near Bermuda (32°05′N, 64°15′W) was obtained from analysis of a 3-year collection of sediment-trap samples as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbonate Dissolution in Nearshore Terrigenous Muds: The Role of Physical and Biological Reworking
TL;DR: In this article, a study of terrigenous mud deposits from Long Island Sound, U.S.A. demonstrates extensive dissolution of molluscan shell debris near the sediment-water interface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Calcium carbonate precipitation on the Bahama Banks
TL;DR: In this paper, an average CaCO3 precipitation rate of 50 mg/cm2 yr is estimated, which is proportional to the degree of supersaturation of the water on the bank.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production and Cycling of Calcium Carbonate in a Shelf-Edge Reef System (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands): Applications to the Nature of Reef Systems in the Fossil Record
TL;DR: A study was conducted at Cane Bay on the island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands to quantify the suite of processes that have influenced Holocene reef development as mentioned in this paper.
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