Journal ArticleDOI
Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: Budget of a nonsteady state
TLDR
In this article, it was shown that the oceans are not presently in a steady state, suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that one of the missing calcium sources might be groundwater, although its presentday input is probably much smaller than that of rivers.Abstract:
Present-day production of CaCO3 in tne world ocean is calculated to be about 5 billion tons (bt) per year, of which about 3 bt accumulate in sediments; the other 40% is dissolved. Nearly half of the carbonate sediment accumulates on reefs, banks, and tropical shelves, and consists largely of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite. Deep-sea carbonates, predominantly calcitic coccoliths and planktonic foraminifera, have orders of magnitude lower productivity and accumulation rates than shallow-water carbonates, but they cover orders of magnitude larger basin area. Twice as much calcium is removed from the oceans by present-day carbonate accumulation as is estimated to be brought in by rivers and hydrothermal activity (1.6 bt), suggesting that outputs have been overestimated or inputs underestimated, that one or more other inputs have not been identified, and/or that the oceans are not presently in steady state. One “missing” calcium source might be groundwater, although its present-day input is probably much smaller than that of rivers. If, as seems likely, CaCO3 accumulation presently exceeds terrestial and hydrothermal input, this imbalance presumably is offset by decreased accumulation and increased input during lowered sea level: shallow-water accumulation decreases by an order of magnitude with a 100 m drop in sea level, while groundwater influx increases because of heightened piezometric head and the diagenesis of metastable aragonite and magnesian calcite from subaerially exposed shallow-water carbonates.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Low terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum: constraints from multi-proxy data
Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes,Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes,Gianna Battaglia,Gianna Battaglia,Olivier Cartapanis,Olivier Cartapanis,Samuel L Jaccard,Samuel L Jaccard,Fortunat Joos,Fortunat Joos +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Bern3D Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity 2.2.0s was used to constrain the land carbon inventory to ∼850 GtC.
Journal ArticleDOI
The calcareous reef alga Halimeda (Chlorophyta, Byropsidales): a cretaceous genus that diversified in the cenozoic
TL;DR: The first strong phylogenetic data for the genus, provided by cladistic analyses of 18sDNA sequences, identify principal lineages corresponding to the three major taxonomic sections (Rhipsalis, Opuntia and Halimeda), and represent an apparent differentiation of the genus into at least 3 basic thallus designs.
Book ChapterDOI
Continental Margins — Review of Geochemical Settings
TL;DR: In this paper, a compilation of the literature provides coherent data sets indicating that the global primary production on the shelf may reach 6 -7 GTC yr-1 and about 5 GTC yr-1 on the adjacent slope, as compared to 28 GTCyw.1 for the open ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluctuations in the carbonate production of Phanerozoic reefs
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive database on Phanerozoic reefs is used to evaluate the carbonate production of reefs through time and the cumulative production for 32 time slices is evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Holocene sediments of Wistari Reef: Towards a global quantification of coral reef related neritic sedimentation in the Holocene
TL;DR: Wistari Reef as mentioned in this paper is a shallow coral reef platform featuring a very clearly defined leeward accretionary wedge of carbonate sediments, and the area of significant neritic carbonate sedimentation ( > 1 m/ka) associated with coral reefs is near 500000 km(2).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation
TL;DR: In this paper, a global oxygen isotope record for ocean water has been calculated from the Barbados sea level curve, allowing separation of the ice volume component common to all isotope records measured in deep-sea cores.
Journal ArticleDOI
The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years
TL;DR: In this article, a computer model has been constructed that considers the effects on the CO/sub 2/ level of the atmosphere, and the Ca, Mg, and HCO/sub 3/ levels of the ocean, of the following processes: weathering on the continents of calcite, dolomite, and calcium-and-magnesium-containing silicates; biogenic precipitation and removal of CaCO 3/from the ocean; removal of Mg from the ocean via volcanic-seawater reaction; and the metamorphic-magmatic decarbon
Journal ArticleDOI
Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2
TL;DR: In this article, direct evidence of past atmospheric CO2 changes has been extended to the past 160,000 years from the Vostok ice core, showing an inherent phenomenon of change between glacial and interglacial periods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological communities at the Florida escarpment resemble hydrothermal vent taxa.
Charles K. Paull,Barbara Hecker,R.F. Commeau,R. P. Freeman-Lynde,C. Neumann,W.P. Corso,Stjepko Golubic,J.E. Hook,Elisabeth L. Sikes,Joseph R. Curray +9 more
TL;DR: Dense biological communities of large epifaunal taxa similar to those found along ridge crest vents at the East Pacific Rise were discovered in the abyssal Gulf of Mexico.
Journal ArticleDOI
A biogeochemical study of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Atlantic
Patrick M. Holligan,Emilio Fernández,James Aiken,William M. Balch,Philip W. Boyd,Peter H. Burkill,Miles S. Finch,Stephen B. Groom,Gillian Malin,Kerstin Muller,Duncan A. Purdie,Carol V. Robinson,Charles C. Trees,Suzanne M. Turner,Paul van der Wal +14 more
TL;DR: The biogeochemical properties of an extensive bloom (∼250,000 km2) of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the north east Atlantic Ocean were investigated in June 1991.
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