Open Access
Radiative forcing of climate
V. Ramanswamy,Keith P. Shine,Conway B. Leovy,Wei-Chyung Wang,Henning Rodhe,Donald J. Wuebbles,M. Ding,Joseph Lelieveld,Jae Edmonds,M. Patrick McCormick +9 more
- pp 41-68
TLDR
An update of the scientific discussions presented in Chapter 2 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report is presented in this paper, where the atmospheric radiative and chemical species of significance for climate change are discussed.Abstract:
An update of the scientific discussions presented in Chapter 2 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report is presented. The update discusses the atmospheric radiative and chemical species of significance for climate change. There are two major objectives of the present update. The first is an extension of the discussion on the Global Warming Potentials (GWP's), including a reevaluation in view of the updates in the lifetimes of the radiatively active species. The second important objective is to underscore major developments in the radiative forcing of climate due to the observed stratospheric ozone losses occurring between 1979 and 1990.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
TL;DR: Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing as discussed by the authors, between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction.
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: Drafting Authors: Neil Adger, Pramod Aggarwal, Shardul Agrawala, Joseph Alcamo, Abdelkader Allali, Oleg Anisimov, Nigel Arnell, Michel Boko, Osvaldo Canziani, Timothy Carter, Gino Casassa, Ulisses Confalonieri, Rex Victor Cruz, Edmundo de Alba Alcaraz, William Easterling, Christopher Field, Andreas Fischlin, Blair Fitzharris.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in chemical-looping combustion and reforming technologies
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) and ChemicalLooping Reforming (CLR) processes reporting the main advances in these technologies up to 2010 is presented in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of climate forcings
James Hansen,James Hansen,Makiko Sato,Reto Ruedy,Larissa Nazarenko,Andrew A. Lacis,Andrew A. Lacis,Gavin A. Schmidt,Gavin A. Schmidt,Gary L. Russell,I. Aleinov,Mike Bauer,Susanne E. Bauer,N. Bell,Brian Cairns,Vittorio Canuto,Mark A. Chandler,Yu Cheng,A. D. Del Genio,A. D. Del Genio,G. Faluvegi,Eric L. Fleming,Andrew D. Friend,Timothy M. Hall,Timothy M. Hall,Charles H. Jackman,M. Kelley,Nancy Y. Kiang,D. Koch,D. Koch,Judith Lean,J. Lerner,Ken K. Lo,Surabi Menon,Ron L. Miller,Ron L. Miller,Patrick Minnis,T. Novakov,Valdar Oinas,Ja. Perlwitz,J. Perlwitz,David Rind,David Rind,Anastasia Romanou,Anastasia Romanou,Drew Shindell,Drew Shindell,Peter Stone,Shan Sun,Shan Sun,N. Tausnev,D. Thresher,Bruce A. Wielicki,Takmeng Wong,Mao-Sung Yao,S. Zhang +55 more
TL;DR: The authors used a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many climate forcing agents for producing climate change and found that replacing traditional instantaneous and adjusted forcings with an easily computed alternative, Fs, yields a better predictor of climate change, i.e., its efficacies are closer to unity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils
Gail L. Chmura,Shimon C. Anisfeld,Donald R. Cahoon,Donald R. Cahoon,James C. Lynch,James C. Lynch +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the average soil carbon density of mangrove swamps (0.055 ± 0.004 g cm−3) is significantly higher than the salt marsh average ( 0.039 − 0.003 g cm −3) due to increased decay rates at higher temperatures.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change : the IPCC scientific assessment
TL;DR: A review of the intergovernmental panel on climate change report on global warming and the greenhouse effect can be found in this paper, where the authors present chemistry of greenhouse gases and mathematical modelling of the climate system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols
Robert J. Charlson,Stephen E. Schwartz,J. M. Hales,Robert D. Cess,James A. Coakley,James Hansen,D. J. Hofmann +6 more
TL;DR: The aerosol forcing has likely offset global greenhouse warming to a substantial degree, however, differences in geographical and seasonal distributions of these forcings preclude any simple compensation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles
TL;DR: Widespread burning of biomass serves to clear land for shifting cultivation, to convert forests to agricultural and pastoral lands, and to remove dry vegetation in order to promote agricultural productivity and the growth of higher yield grasses, but it may also disturb biogeochemical cycles, especially that of nitrogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Maunder Minimum
TL;DR: In the years around a sunspot maximum there is seldom a day when a number of spots cannot be seen, and often hundreds are present.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence
TL;DR: In this paper, two modes of seasonal behavior are noted for surface ozone at mid-latitudes: a broad summer maximum within a few hundred km of industrial/urban areas in Europe and the U.S., and a minimum in summer or autumn in sparcely populated regions that are remote from industrial activity.