Journal ArticleDOI
Reefs of the Deep: The Biology and Geology of Cold-Water Coral Ecosystems
TLDR
Advances reviewed here include the use of corals as paleoclimatic archives and their biogeological functioning, biodiversity, and biogeography, and the impacts of deep-water trawling and effects of ocean acidification.Abstract:
Coral reefs are generally associated with shallow tropical seas; however, recent deep-ocean exploration using advanced acoustics and submersibles has revealed unexpectedly widespread and diverse coral ecosystems in deep waters on continental shelves, slopes, seamounts, and ridge systems around the world. Advances reviewed here include the use of corals as paleoclimatic archives and their biogeological functioning, biodiversity, and biogeography. Threats to these fragile, long-lived, and rich ecosystems are mounting: The impacts of deep-water trawling are already widespread, and effects of ocean acidification are potentially devastating.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean Acidification: The Other CO 2 Problem
TL;DR: The potential for marine organisms to adapt to increasing CO2 and broader implications for ocean ecosystems are not well known; both are high priorities for future research as mentioned in this paper, and both are only imperfect analogs to current conditions.
Journal Article
Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry
Surabi Menon,Kenneth L. Denman,Guy Brasseur,Amnat Chidthaisong,Philippe Ciais,Peter M. Cox,Robert E. Dickinson,Didier Hauglustaine,Christoph Heinze,Elisabeth A. Holland,Daniel J. Jacob,Ulrike Lohmann,S. Ramachandran,Pedro Leite da Silva Dias,Steven C. Wofsy,Xiaoye Zhang +15 more
TL;DR: Denman et al. as discussed by the authors presented the Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry Coordinating Lead Authors: Kenneth L. Denman (Canada), Guy Brasseur (USA, Germany), Amnat Chidthaisong (Thailand), Philippe Ciais (France), Peter M. Cox (UK), Robert E. Austin (USA), D.B. Wofsy (USA) and Xiaoye Zhang (China).
Journal ArticleDOI
Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios
Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Alexandre K. Magnan,Raphaël Billé,William W. L. Cheung,Ella L. Howes,Fortunat Joos,D. Allemand,Laurent Bopp,Sarah R. Cooley,C. M. Eakin,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Ryan P. Kelly,Hans-Otto Pörtner,Alex Rogers,John M. Baxter,D. Laffoley,D. Osborn,Aleksandar Rankovic,Julien Rochette,Ussif Rashid Sumaila,Sébastien Treyer,Carol Turley +22 more
TL;DR: The physics, chemistry, and ecology of the oceans might be affected based on two CO2 emission trajectories: one business as usual and one with aggressive reductions, consistent with the Copenhagen Accord of keeping mean global temperature increase below 2°C in the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem
Eva Ramirez-Llodra,Angelika Brandt,Roberto Danovaro,B. De Mol,Elva Escobar,Christopher R. German,Lisa A. Levin,P. Martinez Arbizu,Lenaick Menot,Pål Buhl-Mortensen,Bhavani Narayanaswamy,Craig R. Smith,Derek P. Tittensor,Paul A. Tyler,Ann Vanreusel,Michael Vecchione +15 more
TL;DR: A review of deep-sea habitats and their fauna can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss threats from anthropogenic activities to deep sea habitats and faunal communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems.
TL;DR: The risk of irreversible ecosystem changes due to ocean acidification should enlighten the ongoing CO2 emissions debate and make it clear that the human dependence on fossil fuels must end quickly.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
James C. Orr,Victoria J. Fabry,Olivier Aumont,Laurent Bopp,Scott C. Doney,Richard A. Feely,Anand Gnanadesikan,Nicolas Gruber,Akio Ishida,Fortunat Joos,Robert M. Key,Keith Lindsay,Ernst Maier-Reimer,Richard J. Matear,Patrick Monfray,Anne Mouchet,Raymond G. Najjar,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Keith B. Rodgers,Christopher L. Sabine,Jorge L. Sarmiento,Reiner Schlitzer,Richard D. Slater,I. Totterdell,Marie-France Weirig,Yasuhiro Yamanaka,Andrew Yool +26 more
TL;DR: 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle are used to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH.
Ken Caldeira,M. Wickett +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that oceanic absorption of CO2 from fossil fuels may result in larger pH changes over the next several centuries than any inferred from the geological record of the past 300 million years.
Book
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
John A. Raven,Ken Caldeira,Henry Elderfield,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Peter S. Liss,Ulf Riebesell,John Shepherd,Carol Turley,Andrew J. Watson +8 more
TL;DR: The oceans cover over two-thirds of the Earth's surface as discussed by the authors and play a vital role in global biogeochemical cycles, and contribute enormously to the planet's biodiversity and provide a livelihood for millions of people.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shifting roles of heterotrophy and autotrophy in coral energetics under varying turbidity.
TL;DR: This study is the first to show heterotrophic plasticity in a symbiotic coral, and to show that such plasticity can offset stress from high particle loads, and demonstrates that changes in the trophic mode of some coral species are a mechanism for sustaining a positive energy balance in turbid environments, thereby broadening their physiological niche.
Journal ArticleDOI
The deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa in Norwegian waters: distribution and fishery impacts
TL;DR: The results show that the corals are abundant particularly on the mid Norwegian continental shelf between 200 and 400 m depth, and in general it seems that the largest densities are distributed along the continental break and at ridges of morainic origin.