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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Regulation of mRNA cap methylation

Victoria H. Cowling
- 15 Jan 2010 - 
- Vol. 425, Iss: 2, pp 295-302
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TLDR
The present review discusses how the 7-methylguanosine cap is synthesized by cellular enzymes, the impact that the7- methylguanoine cap has on biological processes, and how the mRNA cap methylation reaction is regulated.
Abstract
The 7-methylguanosine cap added to the 5' end of mRNA is essential for efficient gene expression and cell viability. Methylation of the guanosine cap is necessary for the translation of most cellular mRNAs in all eukaryotic organisms in which it has been investigated. In some experimental systems, cap methylation has also been demonstrated to promote transcription, splicing, polyadenylation and nuclear export of mRNA. The present review discusses how the 7-methylguanosine cap is synthesized by cellular enzymes, the impact that the 7-methylguanosine cap has on biological processes, and how the mRNA cap methylation reaction is regulated.

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Journal ArticleDOI

mRNA capping: biological functions and applications

TL;DR: This review will summarize the current knowledge of the biological roles of mRNA caps in eukaryotic cells, different means that viruses and their host cells use to cap their RNA and the application of these capping machineries to synthesize functional mRNA.
Journal ArticleDOI

RNA nucleotide methylation

TL;DR: This review outlines the different functions of methyl groups in RNA, including biophysical, biochemical and metabolic stabilization of RNA, quality control, resistance to antibiotics, mRNA reading frame maintenance, deciphering of normal and altered genetic code, selenocysteine incorporation, tRNA aminoacylation, ribotoxins, splicing, intracellular trafficking, immune response, and others.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Pivotal Regulatory Landscape of RNA Modifications

TL;DR: Both labile and permanent modifications, from simple methylation to complex transcript alteration (RNA editing and intron retention) are examined; the models for their processing are detailed; and remaining questions in the field of the epitranscriptome are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cap-specific terminalN6-methylation of RNA by an RNA polymerase II-associated methyltransferase.

TL;DR: A cap-specific m6A writer N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) is present at the transcription start nucleotide of capped mRNAs in vertebrates and RNA-MS analysis revealed that m6Am modification in human m RNAs is more abundant than previously estimated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Transcriptome-wide Mapping of Internal N7-Methylguanosine Methylome in Mammalian mRNA.

TL;DR: This work developed a chemical-assisted sequencing approach that selectively converts internal m7G sites into abasic sites, inducing misincorporation at these sites during reverse transcription and enabled transcriptome-wide mapping of m7g in human tRNA and mRNA, revealing distribution features of the internal m 7G methylome in human cells.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

eIF4 Initiation Factors: Effectors of mRNA Recruitment to Ribosomes and Regulators of Translation

TL;DR: The recent determination of the structure of eIF4E at atomic resolution has provided insight about how translation is initiated and regulated and suggests that eif4F is also implicated in malignancy and apoptosis.
Journal ArticleDOI

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An extensive network of coupling among gene expression machines

TL;DR: The extensive coupling is consistent with a model in which the machines are tethered to each other to form ‘gene expression factories’ that maximize the efficiency and specificity of each step in gene expression.
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E2F integrates cell cycle progression with DNA repair, replication, and G2/M checkpoints

TL;DR: The data indicate that E2F directly links cell cycle progression with the coordinate regulation of genes essential for both the synthesis of DNA as well as its surveillance.
Journal ArticleDOI

Controlling the Elongation Phase of Transcription with P-TEFb

TL;DR: Phylogenetic analyses of the components of the human elongation control machinery indicate that the number of mechanisms utilized to regulate P-TEFb function increased as organisms developed more complex developmental patterns.
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