Review article: gut flora and inflammatory bowel disease.
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TLDR
The modifications in the various regional ecosystems in the gastrointestinal tract during inflammatory bowel disease are summarized and the possibility of modifying the ecosystem using prebiotics or probiotics offers hope for new treatment developments, particularly in the prevention of relapse.Abstract:
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease involves interactions between the host susceptibility, mucosal immunity and intestinal microflora. There is therefore great interest in the changes in the endogenous flora in inflammatory bowel disease patients and in the establishment of potential genetic variations in host responses to endogenous bacteria. In this review, we summarize the modifications in the various regional ecosystems in the gastrointestinal tract during inflammatory bowel disease (luminal bacteria in faeces or inside the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria in mucus and bacteria directly attached to the mucosa). Results were obtained following a 'candidate microorganism strategy' and, as is occurring increasingly frequently, following a 'full description strategy', which has progressed largely due to the development of culture-independent techniques. The possibility of modifying the ecosystem using prebiotics or probiotics offers hope for new treatment developments, particularly in the prevention of relapse.read more
Citations
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Dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives
Marie Joossens,Geert Huys,Margo Cnockaert,Vicky De Preter,Kristin Verbeke,Paul Rutgeerts,Peter Vandamme,Severine Vermeire +7 more
TL;DR: This dysbiosis is not characterised by lack of butyrate producing-bacteria as observed in CD but suggests a role for microorganisms with mucin degradation capacity.
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Towards the human intestinal microbiota phylogenetic core
Julien Tap,Stanislas Mondot,Florence Levenez,Eric Pelletier,Christophe Caron,Jean-Pierre Furet,Edgardo Ugarte,Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo,Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo,Denis Le Paslier,Renaud Nalin,Joël Doré,Marion Leclerc +12 more
TL;DR: Despite the species richness and a high individual specificity, a limited number of OTUs is shared among individuals and might represent the phylogenetic core of the human intestinal microbiota and its role in human health deserves further study.
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Specificities of the fecal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease
Harry Sokol,Philippe Seksik,Lionel Rigottier-Gois,Christophe Lay,Patricia Lepage,Isabelle Podglajen,Philippe Marteau,Joël Doré +7 more
TL;DR: In IBD the dominant fecal microbiota comprises unusual bacterial species and harbor specific discrepancies and differ from that of IC and healthy subjects.
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Paneth cells, defensins, and the commensal microbiota: a hypothesis on intimate interplay at the intestinal mucosa.
TL;DR: Future studies to further define mechanisms by which defensins and other host factors regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota will likely provide new insights into intestinal homeostasis and new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and infectious diseases of the bowel.
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Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial
P. Marteau,Marc Lémann,P. Seksik,D. Laharie,J.-F. Colombel,Yoram Bouhnik,Guillaume Cadiot,Soulé Jc,Arnaud Bourreille,Etienne Henry Metman,Eric Lerebours,F. Carbonnel,J.L. Dupas,Michel Veyrac,Benoit Coffin,J. Moreau,V. Abitbol,S. Blum-Sperisen,Jean-Yves Mary +18 more
TL;DR: The probiotic strain L johnsonii LA1 (4×109 cfu/day) did not have a sufficient effect, if any, to prevent endoscopic recurrence of Crohn’s disease.
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