Right Ventricular Function in Cardiovascular Disease, Part I Anatomy, Physiology, Aging, and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle
TLDR
The goal of the present review is to offer a clinical perspective on RV structure and function, using echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging to create new opportunities for the study of RV anatomy and physiology.Abstract:
In 1616, Sir William Harvey was the first to describe the importance of right ventricular (RV) function in his seminal treatise, De Motu Cordis : “Thus the right ventricle may be said to be made for the sake of transmitting blood through the lungs, not for nourishing them.”1,2 For many years that followed, emphasis in cardiology was placed on left ventricular (LV) physiology, overshadowing the study of the RV. In the first half of the 20th century, the study of RV function was limited to a small group of investigators who were intrigued by the hypothesis that human circulation could function adequately without RV contractile function.3 Their studies, however, were based on an open pericardial dog model, which failed to take into account the complex nature of ventricular interaction. In the early 1950s through the 1970s, cardiac surgeons recognized the importance of right-sided function as they evaluated procedures to palliate right-heart hypoplasia. Since then, the importance of RV function has been recognized in heart failure, RV myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. More recently, advances in echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have created new opportunities for the study of RV anatomy and physiology.
The goal of the present review is to offer a clinical perspective on RV structure and function. In the first part, we discuss the anatomy, physiology, aging, and assessment of the RV. In the second part, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical importance, and management of RV failure.
### Macroscopic Anatomy of the RV
In the normal heart, the RV is the most anteriorly situated cardiac chamber and lies immediately behind the sternum. In the absence of transposition of great arteries, the RV is delimited by the annulus of the tricuspid valve and by the pulmonary valve. As suggested by Goor and Lillehi,4 the RV can be described in …read more
Citations
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Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography
Lawrence G. Rudski,Wyman W. Lai,Jonathan Afilalo,Lanqi Hua,Mark D. Handschumacher,Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran,Scott D. Solomon,Eric K. Louie,Nelson B. Schiller +8 more
TL;DR: The Society of Echocardiography (SEDC) is an educational activity for cardiovascular physicians and cardiac sonographers with a knowledge base in the field of echo-cardiography as discussed by the authors.
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Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography
Lawrence G. Rudski,Wyman W. Lai,Jonathan Afilalo,Lanqi Hua,Mark D. Handschumacher,Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran,Scott D. Solomon,Eric K. Louie,Nelson B. Schiller +8 more
TL;DR: This activity is designed for all cardiovascular physicians and cardiac sonographers with arest and knowledge base in the field of echocardiography and reschers, clinicians, intensivists, and other medical professionals with a spein cardiac ultrasound will find this activity beneficial.
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The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients
Maria Rosa Costanzo,Anne I. Dipchand,Randall C. Starling,Allen S. Anderson,Michael Chan,Shashank Desai,Savitri Fedson,Patrick W. Fisher,Gonzalo Gonzales-Stawinski,Luigi Martinelli,David C. McGiffin,Jon Smith,David O. Taylor,Bruno Meiser,Steven A. Webber,David A. Baran,Michael P. Carboni,Thomas J. Dengler,David L. Feldman,Maria Frigerio,Abdallah G. Kfoury,Daniel Kim,Jon A. Kobashigawa,Michael A. Shullo,Josef Stehlik,Jeffrey J. Teuteberg,Patricia A. Uber,Andreas Zuckermann,Sharon A. Hunt,Michael Burch,Geetha Bhat,Charles E. Canter,Richard E. Chinnock,Marisa G. Crespo-Leiro,Reynolds M. Delgado,Fabienne Dobbels,Kathleen L. Grady,W. Kao,Jaqueline Lamour,Gareth Parry,Jignesh Patel,Daniela Pini,Jeffrey A. Towbin,Gene Wolfel,Diego H. Delgado,Howard J. Eisen,Lee R. Goldberg,Jeff Hosenpud,Maryl R. Johnson,Anne Keogh,Clive Lewis,John B. O'Connell,Joseph G. Rogers,Heather J. Ross,Stuart D. Russell,Johan Vanhaecke,Amanda W. Rowe +56 more
TL;DR: Institutional Affiliations Chair Costanzo MR: Midwest Heart Foundation, Lombard Illinois, USA Task Force 1 Dipchand A: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Ontario, Canada; Starling R: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Starlings R: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,USA; Chan M: university of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; Desai S: Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
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Leo Lopez,Steven D. Colan,Peter C. Frommelt,Gregory J. Ensing,Kathleen Kendall,Adel K. Younoszai,Wyman W. Lai,Tal Geva +7 more
TL;DR: This educational activity is designed for all cardiovascular physicians and cardiac sonographers with erest and knowledge base in the field of echocardiography; in addition, reschers, clinicians, intensivists, and other medical professionals with a cardiac ultrasound will find this activity beneficial.
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension
David Montani,Sven Günther,Peter Dorfmüller,Frédéric Perros,Barbara Girerd,Gilles Garcia,Xavier Jaïs,Laurent Savale,Elise Artaud-Macari,Laura C. Price,Marc Humbert,Gérald Simonneau,Olivier Sitbon +12 more
TL;DR: The current state of art regarding to epidemiologic aspects of PH, diagnostic approaches and the current classification of PH are discussed as well as future treatments.
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