Rotavirus Vaccines: Effectiveness, Safety, and Future Directions.
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TLDR
Two additional live, oral rotavirus vaccines were recently licensed and these have improved on some programmatic limitations of earlier vaccines, such as heat stability, cost, and cold-chain footprint, and have the potential to reduce the performance differential and safety concerns associated with live oral rotvirus vaccines.Abstract:
Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrheal death among children 65% of children had at least one rotavirus diarrhea illness by 5 years of age and rotavirus accounted for > 40% of all-cause diarrhea hospitalizations globally. Two live, oral rotavirus vaccines have been implemented nationally in > 100 countries since 2006 and their use has substantially reduced the burden of severe diarrheal illness in all settings. Vaccine efficacy and effectiveness estimates suggest there is a gradient in vaccine performance between low child-mortality countries (> 90%) and medium and high child-mortality countries (57–75%). Additionally, an increased risk of intussusception (~ 1–6 per 100,000 vaccinated infants) following vaccination has been documented in some countries, but this is outweighed by the large benefits of vaccination. Two additional live, oral rotavirus vaccines were recently licensed and these have improved on some programmatic limitations of earlier vaccines, such as heat stability, cost, and cold-chain footprint. Non-replicating rotavirus vaccines that are parenterally administered are in clinical testing, and these have the potential to reduce the performance differential and safety concerns associated with live oral rotavirus vaccines.read more
Citations
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global Illness and Deaths Caused by Rotavirus Disease in Children
TL;DR: The tremendous incidence of rotavirus disease underscores the urgent need for interventions, such as vaccines, to prevent childhood deaths in developing nations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety and Efficacy of a Pentavalent Human–Bovine (WC3) Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine
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TL;DR: This vaccine was efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis, decreasing severe disease and health care contacts, and the risk of intussusception was similar in vaccine and placebo recipients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety and Efficacy of an Attenuated Vaccine against Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios,Irene Pérez-Schael,F. Raúl Velázquez,Hector Abate,Thomas Breuer,Sue Ann Costa Clemens,Brigitte Cheuvart,Felix Espinoza,Paul Gillard,Bruce L. Innis,Yolanda Cervantes,Alexandre da Costa Linhares,Pio Lopez,Mercedes Macias-Parra,Eduardo Ortega-Barria,Vesta Richardson,Doris Maribel Rivera-Medina,Luis Rivera,Belén Salinas,Noris Pavía-Ruz,Jorge Salmerón,Ricardo Rüttimann,Juan Carlos Tinoco,Pilar Rubio,Ernesto Nuñez,M. Lourdes Guerrero,Juan Pablo Yarzabal,Silvia Damaso,Nadia Tornieporth,Xavier Sáez-Llorens,Rodrigo Vergara,Timo Vesikari,Alain Bouckenooghe,Ralf Clemens,Beatrice De Vos,Miguel O'Ryan +35 more
TL;DR: Two oral doses of the live attenuated G1P[8] HRV vaccine were highly efficacious in protecting infants against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, significantly reduced the rate of severe gastroenteropathy from any cause, and were not associated with an increased risk of intussusception.
Journal Article
Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
TL;DR: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine vaccination of U.S. infants with 3 doses of this rotavirus vaccine administered orally at ages 2, 4, and 6 months.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine.
Norma Santos,Yasutaka Hoshino +1 more
TL;DR: The temporal and geographical distribution of human rotavirus G and P types was reviewed by analysing a total of 45571 strains collected globally from 124 studies reported from 52 countries on five continents published between 1989 and 2004 and revealed several characteristic features.
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