Salting our freshwater lakes.
Hilary A. Dugan,Sarah L. Bartlett,Samantha M. Burke,Jonathan P. Doubek,Flora E. Krivak-Tetley,Nicholas K. Skaff,Jamie C. Summers,Kaitlin J. Farrell,Ian M. McCullough,Ana M. Morales-Williams,Derek C. Roberts,Zutao Ouyang,Facundo Scordo,Paul C. Hanson,Kathleen C. Weathers +14 more
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TLDR
It is found that in Midwest and Northeast North America, most urban lakes and rural lakes that are surrounded by >1% impervious land cover show increasing chloride trends, and many lakes will exceed the aquatic life threshold criterion for chronic chloride exposure in the next 50 y if current trends continue.Abstract:
The highest densities of lakes on Earth are in north temperate ecosystems, where increasing urbanization and associated chloride runoff can salinize freshwaters and threaten lake water quality and the many ecosystem services lakes provide. However, the extent to which lake salinity may be changing at broad spatial scales remains unknown, leading us to first identify spatial patterns and then investigate the drivers of these patterns. Significant decadal trends in lake salinization were identified using a dataset of long-term chloride concentrations from 371 North American lakes. Landscape and climate metrics calculated for each site demonstrated that impervious land cover was a strong predictor of chloride trends in Northeast and Midwest North American lakes. As little as 1% impervious land cover surrounding a lake increased the likelihood of long-term salinization. Considering that 27% of large lakes in the United States have >1% impervious land cover around their perimeters, the potential for steady and long-term salinization of these aquatic systems is high. This study predicts that many lakes will exceed the aquatic life threshold criterion for chronic chloride exposure (230 mg L-1), stipulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in the next 50 y if current trends continue.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Freshwater salinization syndrome on a continental scale.
Sujay S. Kaushal,Gene E. Likens,Michael L. Pace,Ryan M. Utz,Shahan Haq,J. K. Gorman,Melissa M. Grese +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that salinization and alkalinization are linked, and trends in these processes impact most of the drainage area of the United States, where salinity and alkalinity have increased most rapidly.
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A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters
William D. Hintz,Rick A. Relyea +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and synthesized the ecological impacts of road salt in freshwater ecosystems to understand species, community, and ecosystem-level responses, and identified knowledge gaps that they hope will motivate future research directions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Salt in freshwaters: causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue.
TL;DR: The general background of salinization is introduced, research gaps are outlined and key findings are reported from the contributions to this theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulations are needed to protect freshwater ecosystems from salinization.
Matthew S. Schuler,Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles,William D. Hintz,Brenda Dyack,Sebastian Birk,Rick A. Relyea +5 more
TL;DR: To protect fresh waters from continued salinization, discrete, ion-specific management and regulatory strategies should be considered for each source of freshwater salinized waters, using data from standardized, ions-specific monitoring practices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change.
R. Iestyn Woolway,R. Iestyn Woolway,Sapna Sharma,Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer,Andrey Debolskiy,Andrey Debolskiy,Malgorzata Golub,Daniel Mercado-Bettín,Daniel Mercado-Bettín,Marjorie Perroud,Victor Stepanenko,Zeli Tan,Luke Grant,Robert Ladwig,Jorrit Mesman,Jorrit Mesman,Tadhg N. Moore,Tadhg N. Moore,Tom Shatwell,Inne Vanderkelen,Jay A. Austin,Curtis L. DeGasperi,Martin T. Dokulil,Sofia La Fuente,Eleanor B. Mackay,S. Geoffrey Schladow,Shohei Watanabe,Rafael Marcé,Rafael Marcé,Donald C. Pierson,Wim Thiery,Eleanor Jennings +31 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a lake-climate model ensemble and long-term observational data, to investigate changes in lake stratification phenology across the Northern Hemisphere from 1901 to 2099.
References
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