Status Report on COVID-19 Vaccines Development
Arun Kumar,William E Dowling,Raúl Gómez Román,Amol Chaudhari,Céline Gurry,Tung Thanh Le,Stig Tollefson,Carolyn Clark,Valentina Bernasconi,Paul A. Kristiansen +9 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors summarized novel and traditional approaches for COVID-19 vaccine development including inactivated, attenuated, nucleic acid, vector and protein based, and showed comparative immunogenicity profiles of various vaccines in clinical phases.Abstract:
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected lives of billions of individuals, globally. There is an urgent need to develop interventions including vaccines to control the ongoing pandemic. Development of tools for fast-tracked testing including small and large animal models for vaccine efficacy analysis, assays for immunogenicity assessment, critical reagents, international biological standards, and data sharing allowed accelerated development of vaccines. More than 300 vaccines are under development and 9 of them are approved for emergency use in various countries, with impressive efficacy ranging from 50 to 95%. Recently, several new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged and are circulating globally, and preliminary findings imply that some of them may escape immune responses against previous variants and diminish efficacy of current vaccines. Most of these variants acquired new mutations in their surface protein (Spike) which is the antigen in most of the approved/under development vaccines. In this review, we summarize novel and traditional approaches for COVID-19 vaccine development including inactivated, attenuated, nucleic acid, vector and protein based. Critical assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced by vaccines has shown comparative immunogenicity profiles of various vaccines in clinical phases. Recent reports confirmed that some currently available vaccines provide partial to complete protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. If more mutated variants emerge, current vaccines might need to be updated accordingly either by developing vaccines matching the circulating strain or designing multivalent vaccines to extend the breadth.read more
Citations
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Global COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: A Systematic Review of Associated Social and Behavioral Factors
Choudhary Sobhan Shakeel,Amenah Abdul Mujeeb,Muhammad Shaheer Mirza,Beenish M. Chaudhry,Saad Jawaid Khan +4 more
TL;DR: The analysis shows that there are global variations in vaccine acceptance among different populations, and the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy and acceptance were similar across the board.
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Tenofovir, Another Inexpensive, Well-Known and Widely Available Old Drug Repurposed for SARS-COV-2 Infection
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the currently available evidence on tenofovir's efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and conclude that it is not the only antiviral medication approved for COVID-19.
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Addressing Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Mini-Review of Practical Strategies
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombinopathy (VITT) in COVID-19 vaccine immunization.
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An overview on inactivated and live‐attenuated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines
Saeed Khoshnood,Maniya Arshadi,Sousan Akrami,M Kharati Koupaei,Hossein Ghahramanpour,Aref Shariati,Nourkhoda Sadeghifard,Mohsen Heidary +7 more
TL;DR: This study has a review on inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials, population which was included in the trials, vaccine producers, the efficiency, adverse effects, and components of vaccines, and other vaccine features.
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Stabilization of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Using Deep Mutational Scanning and Structure-Based Design.
Daniel Ellis,Natalie Brunette,Katharine H. D. Crawford,Katharine H. D. Crawford,Alexandra C. Walls,Minh N. Pham,Chengbo Chen,Karla-Luise Herpoldt,Brooke Fiala,Michael L. M. Murphy,Deleah Pettie,John C. Kraft,Keara D. Malone,Mary Jane Navarro,Cassandra Ogohara,Elizabeth Kepl,Rashmi Ravichandran,Claire Sydeman,Maggie Ahlrichs,Max Johnson,Alyssa Blackstone,Lauren Carter,Tyler N. Starr,Allison J. Greaney,Allison J. Greaney,Kelly K. Lee,David Veesler,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom,Neil P. King +30 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used previously reported deep mutational scanning (DMS) data to guide the design of stabilized variants of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that have been identified as a linoleic acid binding pocket.
References
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Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.
Merryn Voysey,Clemens Sac.,Shabir A. Madhi,Lily Yin Weckx,P M Folegatti,Parvinder K. Aley,Brian Angus,Vicky L. Baillie,Shaun Barnabas,Q E Bhorat,S Bibi,Carmen Briner,P Cicconi,Andrea M. Collins,R Colin-Jones,Clare L. Cutland,Thomas C. Darton,Keertan Dheda,Duncan Cja.,Emary Krw.,Katie J. Ewer,Lee Fairlie,Saul N. Faust,Shuo Feng,Daniela M. Ferreira,Adam Finn,Anna Goodman,Catherine M. Green,Christopher A Green,Paul T. Heath,Christopher Hill,Helen Hill,Ian Hirsch,Hodgson Shc.,Allen Izu,S Jackson,D Jenkin,Joe Ccd.,S Kerridge,Anthonet Koen,Gaurav Kwatra,Rajeka Lazarus,Alison M. Lawrie,A Lelliott,Vincenzo Libri,Patrick J. Lillie,R Mallory,Mendes Ava.,Eveline Pipolo Milan,Angela M. Minassian,Alastair McGregor,Hazel Morrison,Y Mujadidi,Amit J Nana,P J O’Reilly,S D Padayachee,A Pittella,E Plested,Katrina M Pollock,M N Ramasamy,S Rhead,Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold,Nisha Singh,Andrew Smith,R Song,Matthew D. Snape,Eduardo Sprinz,Rebecca K. Sutherland,R Tarrant,E. Thomson,M E Török,Mark Toshner,Turner Dpj.,Johan Vekemans,Tonya Villafana,Watson Mee.,C J Williams,Alexander D. Douglas,Hill Avs.,Teresa Lambe,Sarah C. Gilbert,Andrew J. Pollard +81 more
TL;DR: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials.
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Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.
Lindsey R. Baden,Hana M. El Sahly,Brandon Essink,Karen L. Kotloff,Sharon E. Frey,Rick Novak,David Diemert,Stephen A. Spector,Nadine Rouphael,C. Buddy Creech,John W McGettigan,Shishir Khetan,Nathan Segall,Joel Solis,Adam Brosz,Carlos Fierro,Howard J. Schwartz,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Lawrence Corey,Peter B. Gilbert,Holly Janes,Dean Follmann,Mary A. Marovich,John R. Mascola,Laura Polakowski,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,Hamilton Bennett,Rolando Pajon,Conor Knightly,Brett Leav,Weiping Deng,Honghong Zhou,Shu Liang Han,Melanie Ivarsson,Jacqueline Miller,Tal Z Zaks +36 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine as discussed by the authors is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Covid-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Lisa A. Jackson,Evan J. Anderson,Nadine Rouphael,Paul C. Roberts,Mamodikoe Makhene,Rhea N. Coler,Michele Paine McCullough,James D. Chappell,Mark R. Denison,Laura J. Stevens,Andrea J. Pruijssers,Adrian B. McDermott,Britta Flach,Nicole A. Doria-Rose,Kizzmekia S. Corbett,Kaitlyn M. Morabito,Sijy O’Dell,Stephen D. Schmidt,Phillip A. Swanson,Marcelino Padilla,John R. Mascola,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Hamilton Bennett,Wellington Sun,Etza Peters,Mat Makowski,Jim Albert,Kaitlyn Cross,Wendy Buchanan,Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,John H. Beigel +32 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in all participants, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified, which support further development of this vaccine.