Substantia nigra volume loss before basal forebrain degeneration in early Parkinson disease
David A. Ziegler,Julien S. Wonderlick,Paymon Ashourian,Leslie A. Hansen,Jeremy C. Young,Alex J. Murphy,Cecily K. Koppuzha,John H. Growdon,Suzanne Corkin +8 more
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TLDR
The results support the proposed neuropathological trajectory in PD and establish novel multispectral methods as MR imaging biomarkers for tracking the degeneration of the SNc and BF.Abstract:
Objective To test the hypothesis that degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) precedes that of the cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) in Parkinson disease (PD) using new multispectral structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging tools to measure the volumes of the SNc and BF. Design Matched case-control study. Setting The Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the Massachusetts General Hospital/MIT Morris Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson Disease Research. Patients Participants included 29 patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr [H&Y] stages 1-3) and 27 matched healthy control subjects. Main Outcome Measures We acquired multiecho T1-weighted, multiecho proton density, T2-weighted, and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences from each participant. For the SNc, we created a weighted mean of the multiple echoes, yielding a single volume with a high ratio of contrast to noise. We visualized the BF using T2-weighted FLAIR images. For each participant, we manually labeled the 2 structures and calculated their volumes. Results Relative to the controls, 13 patients with H&Y stage 1 PD had significantly decreased SNc volumes. Sixteen patients with H&Y stage 2 or 3 PD showed little additional volume loss. In contrast, the BF volume loss occurred later in the disease, with a significant decrease apparent in patients having H&Y stage 2 or 3 PD compared with the controls and the patients having H&Y stage 1 PD. The latter group did not differ significantly from the controls. Conclusion Our results support the proposed neuropathological trajectory in PD and establish novel multispectral methods as MR imaging biomarkers for tracking the degeneration of the SNc and BF.read more
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Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Circuits and Signaling in Cognition and Cognitive Decline
TL;DR: This Review attempts to identify areas of controversy, as well as consensus, on what is and is not yet known about how cholinergic signaling in the CNS contributes to normal cognitive processes, and delineates the findings from recent work on the extent to which Dysfunction of Cholinergic circuits contributes to cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Biomarkers in Parkinson's disease (recent update).
Sushil Sharma,Carolyn Seungyoun Moon,Azza Khogali,Ali Haidous,Anthony Chabenne,Comfort Ojo,Miriana Jelebinkov,Yousef Kurdi,Manuchair Ebadi +8 more
TL;DR: A brief review describes the merits and limitations of recently discovered biomarkers and proposes coenzyme Q10, mitochondrial ubiquinone-NADH oxidoreductase, melatonin, α-synculein index, Charnoly body, and metallothioneins as novel biomarkers to confirm PD diagnosis for early and effective treatment of PD.
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Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
TL;DR: This review aims to summarize research findings regarding the value of the different MRI techniques, including advanced sequences at high- and ultra-high-field MRI and modern image analysis algorithms, in the diagnostic work-up of Parkinson’s disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
In vivo cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy predicts cognitive decline in de novo Parkinson's disease.
Nicola J. Ray,Steven Bradburn,Chris Murgatroyd,Umar Toseeb,Pablo Mir,George K Kountouriotis,Stefan J. Teipel,Michel J. Grothe +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the future cognitive status of newly diagnosed patients can be predicted from the volume of the nucleus basalis of Meynert, with implications for the development of interventions for cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease dementia.
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7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: a closer look at substantia nigra anatomy in Parkinson's disease.
Stéphane Lehéricy,Eric Bardinet,Eric Bardinet,Cyril Poupon,Marie Vidailhet,Marie Vidailhet,Chantal François +6 more
TL;DR: A review is designed to provide a better understanding of the correspondence between the outlines and subdivisions of the SN detected using different MRI contrasts and the histological organization of theSN to present the recent findings obtained at 7T in relation to histological knowledge.
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