Synergistic parasite-pathogen interactions mediated by host immunity can drive the collapse of honeybee colonies.
Francesco Nazzi,Sam P. Brown,Desiderato Annoscia,Fabio Del Piccolo,Gennaro Di Prisco,Paola Varricchio,Giorgio Della Vedova,Federica Cattonaro,Emilio Caprio,Francesco Pennacchio +9 more
TLDR
An integrated analysis of the population and molecular changes associated with the collapse of honeybees infested by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor shows that this parasite can de-stabilise the within-host dynamics of Deformed wing virus (DWV), transforming a cryptic and vertically transmitted virus into a rapidly replicating killer, which attains lethal levels late in the season.Abstract:
The health of the honeybee and, indirectly, global crop production are threatened by several biotic and abiotic factors, which play a poorly defined role in the induction of widespread colony losses. Recent descriptive studies suggest that colony losses are often related to the interaction between pathogens and other stress factors, including parasites. Through an integrated analysis of the population and molecular changes associated with the collapse of honeybee colonies infested by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, we show that this parasite can de-stabilise the within-host dynamics of Deformed wing virus (DWV), transforming a cryptic and vertically transmitted virus into a rapidly replicating killer, which attains lethal levels late in the season. The de-stabilisation of DWV infection is associated with an immunosuppression syndrome, characterized by a strong down-regulation of the transcription factor NF-κB. The centrality of NF-κB in host responses to a range of environmental challenges suggests that this transcription factor can act as a common currency underlying colony collapse that may be triggered by different causes. Our results offer an integrated account for the multifactorial origin of honeybee losses and a new framework for assessing, and possibly mitigating, the impact of environmental challenges on honeybee health.read more
Citations
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Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers
TL;DR: The stresses bees are experiencing from climate change, infectious diseases, and insecticides are reviewed, with concern that the authors may be nearing a “pollination crisis” in which crop yields begin to fall.
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Neonicotinoid clothianidin adversely affects insect immunity and promotes replication of a viral pathogen in honey bees
Gennaro Di Prisco,Valeria Cavaliere,Desiderato Annoscia,Paola Varricchio,Emilio Caprio,Francesco Nazzi,Giuseppe Gargiulo,Francesco Pennacchio +7 more
TL;DR: The molecular mechanism through which clothianidin adversely affects the insect immune response and promotes replication of a viral pathogen in honey bees bearing covert infections is described and shed light on a further level of regulation of the immune response in insects and has implications for bee conservation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standard methods for varroa research
Vincent Dietemann,Francesco Nazzi,Stephen J. Martin,Denis L. Anderson,Barbara Locke,Keith S. Delaplane,Quentin Wauquiez,Cindy Tannahill,Eva Frey,Bettina Ziegelmann,Peter Rosenkranz,James D. Ellis +11 more
TL;DR: This paper provides easy to use protocols for the collection, identification, diagnosis, rearing, breeding, marking and measurement of infestation rates and fertility of V. destructor and describes pros and cons for all methods for the user to know which method to use under which circumstances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Are bee diseases linked to pesticides? - A brief review.
Francisco Sánchez-Bayo,Dave Goulson,Francesco Pennacchio,Francesco Nazzi,Koichi Goka,Nicolas Desneux +5 more
TL;DR: While the former are the immediate cause of colony collapses and bee declines, the latter are a key factor contributing to the increasing negative impact of parasitic infections observed in bees in recent decades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bees under stress: sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid pesticide and pathogens interact to elevate honey bee mortality across the life cycle
Vincent Doublet,Maureen Labarussias,Joachim R. de Miranda,Robin F. A. Moritz,Robin F. A. Moritz,Robert J. Paxton,Robert J. Paxton,Robert J. Paxton +7 more
TL;DR: Common microbial pathogens appear to be major threats to honey bees, while sublethal doses of pesticide may enhance their deleterious effects on honey bee larvae and adults and it remains an open question as to whether these interactions can affect colony survival.
References
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