Systematic evaluation of the associations between environmental risk factors and dementia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Vanesa Bellou,Lazaros Belbasis,Ioanna Tzoulaki,Ioanna Tzoulaki,Lefkos T. Middleton,John P. A. Ioannidis,Evangelos Evangelou,Evangelos Evangelou +7 more
TLDR
Dementia is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, whose etiology results from a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors.Abstract:
Introduction Dementia is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, whose etiology results from a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Methods We searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between nongenetic factors and dementia. We estimated the summary effect size using random-effects and fixed-effects model, the 95% CI, and the 95% prediction interval. We assessed the between-study heterogeneity (I-square), evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance. Results A total of 76 unique associations were examined. By applying standardized criteria, seven associations presented convincing evidence. These associations pertained to benzodiazepines use, depression at any age, late-life depression, and frequency of social contacts for all types of dementia; late-life depression for Alzheimer's disease; and type 2 diabetes mellitus for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Discussion Several risk factors present substantial evidence for association with dementia and should be assessed as potential targets for interventions, but these associations may not necessarily be causal.read more
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What do we learn from the clinical and biological evaluation of the oral cavity in centenarians
Katia Rupel,Mauro Tettamanti,Filomena Vella,Giulia Fontanel,Roberto Di Lenarda,Matteo Biasotto,Gabriella Marcon,Gabriella Marcon +7 more
TL;DR: A higher though not statistically significant mean salivary flow and antioxidant capacity of saliva in non-demented subjects and a higher proportion of supertasters compared with previous studies and different taste perception profiles according to dementia are found when evaluating the PROP taste perception profile.
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Dementia in veterans and non-veterans in England: a cross-sectional survey
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that English male veterans were less likely to have dementia than similar male non-veterans compared with a similar group with no history of military service.
Journal ArticleDOI
Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review
Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende,Angelo Sabag,Dong-Hoon Lee,Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari,Edward Giovannucci,Juan Pablo Rey-López +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses to grade the credibility of the evidence of claimed observational associations between artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and health outcomes.
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Harnessing the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence for dementia research
Janice M. Ranson,Magda Bucholc,Donald M. Lyall,Danielle Newby,Laura Winchester,Neil P. Oxtoby,Michele Veldsman,Timothy Rittman,Sarah Marzi,Nathan G. Skene,Ahmad Al Khleifat,Isabelle F. Foote,Vasiliki Orgeta,Andrey Kormilitzin,Ilianna Lourida,David J. Llewellyn +15 more
TL;DR: The use of unsupervised learning for understanding disease mechanisms for drug discovery is promising, while analysis of multimodal data sets to characterise and quantify disease severity and subtype are also beginning to contribute to optimisation of clinical trial recruitment as mentioned in this paper .
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Pre-Morbid Risk Factors for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Prospective Cohort Study
G. David Batty,Catharine R. Gale +1 more
TL;DR: The UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study in which baseline data were captured between 2006 and 2010 in 502,649 participants aged 37 to 73 years and follow-up for ALS hospitalisations and death was made via national registries.
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