Systematic evaluation of the associations between environmental risk factors and dementia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Vanesa Bellou,Lazaros Belbasis,Ioanna Tzoulaki,Ioanna Tzoulaki,Lefkos T. Middleton,John P. A. Ioannidis,Evangelos Evangelou,Evangelos Evangelou +7 more
TLDR
Dementia is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, whose etiology results from a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors.Abstract:
Introduction Dementia is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, whose etiology results from a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Methods We searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between nongenetic factors and dementia. We estimated the summary effect size using random-effects and fixed-effects model, the 95% CI, and the 95% prediction interval. We assessed the between-study heterogeneity (I-square), evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance. Results A total of 76 unique associations were examined. By applying standardized criteria, seven associations presented convincing evidence. These associations pertained to benzodiazepines use, depression at any age, late-life depression, and frequency of social contacts for all types of dementia; late-life depression for Alzheimer's disease; and type 2 diabetes mellitus for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Discussion Several risk factors present substantial evidence for association with dementia and should be assessed as potential targets for interventions, but these associations may not necessarily be causal.read more
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Physical Activity in Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review
Stefano Brini,Stefano Brini,Hamid R. Sohrabi,Hamid R. Sohrabi,Jeremiah J. Peiffer,Mira Karrasch,Heikki Hämäläinen,Ralph N. Martins,Ralph N. Martins,Timothy J. Fairchild +9 more
TL;DR: The interaction between PA and the putative mechanisms underlying AD progression, including genetic factors and amyloid-β levels will be explored and clinical considerations for implementation of exercise-based interventions are discussed.
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Depression and Antidepressants as Potential Risk Factors in Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 18 Longitudinal Studies.
TL;DR: Patients with depression are associated with a higher risk of dementia, and the use of antidepressants is not shown to be a protective factor of dementia.
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Alzheimer Disease: Perspectives from Epidemiology and Genetics.
TL;DR: A significant portion of the genetic etiology of AD remains unknown and must be identified, and new insights are led to the potential role of microglia cells in addition to neuronal cells in the brain.
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Effect of Statin Therapy on Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia in Older Adults
Zhen Zhou,Joanne Ryan,Michael E. Ernst,Sophia Zoungas,Andrew Tonkin,Robyn L. Woods,John J McNeil,Christopher M. Reid,Andrea J. Curtis,Rory Wolfe,Jo Wrigglesworth,Raj C. Shah,Elsdon Storey,Anne M. Murray,Suzanne G Orchard,Mark Nelson +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the associations of statin use with cognitive decline and incident dementia among older adults were investigated, and the impact of lipophilicity on these associations was further examined, and effect modifiers were identified.
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Association of Socioeconomic Status With Dementia Diagnosis Among Older Adults in Denmark
Jindong Ding Petersen,Sonja Wehberg,Aake Packness,Aake Packness,Nanna Herning Svensson,Nana Hyldig,Søren Raunsgaard,Merethe Kirstine Kousgaard Andersen,Jesper Ryg,Jesper Ryg,Stewart W Mercer,Jens Søndergaard,Frans Boch Waldorff,Frans Boch Waldorff +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether household income (HHI) is associated with dementia diagnosis and cognitive severity at the time of diagnosis, and revealed a social inequality in dementia diagnostic evaluation: in Denmark, people with higher income seem to receive an earlier diagnosis.
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