Systematic evaluation of the associations between environmental risk factors and dementia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Vanesa Bellou,Lazaros Belbasis,Ioanna Tzoulaki,Ioanna Tzoulaki,Lefkos T. Middleton,John P. A. Ioannidis,Evangelos Evangelou,Evangelos Evangelou +7 more
TLDR
Dementia is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, whose etiology results from a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors.Abstract:
Introduction Dementia is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, whose etiology results from a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Methods We searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between nongenetic factors and dementia. We estimated the summary effect size using random-effects and fixed-effects model, the 95% CI, and the 95% prediction interval. We assessed the between-study heterogeneity (I-square), evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance. Results A total of 76 unique associations were examined. By applying standardized criteria, seven associations presented convincing evidence. These associations pertained to benzodiazepines use, depression at any age, late-life depression, and frequency of social contacts for all types of dementia; late-life depression for Alzheimer's disease; and type 2 diabetes mellitus for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Discussion Several risk factors present substantial evidence for association with dementia and should be assessed as potential targets for interventions, but these associations may not necessarily be causal.read more
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Factors associated with alzheimer''s disease: an overview of reviews
Michaël Rochoy,Michaël Rochoy,V. Rivas,Emmanuel Chazard,E. Decarpentry,G. Saudemont,P-A Hazard,François Puisieux,Sophie Gautier,Sophie Gautier,Régis Bordet,Régis Bordet +11 more
TL;DR: Better knowledge of risk factors for AD allows for better identification of patients at risk, and may contribute to the emergence of prevention policies to delay or prevent the onset of AD.
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Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in Late Life and Associated Predictors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review.
TL;DR: It remains unclear whether similar patterns of cognitive aging are observed across all cognitive domains, but further research into unique factors which promote the maintenance of high-cognitive function is needed to help inform public policy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of confounding in epidemiologic studies assessing alcohol consumption on the risk of ischemic heart disease
Joshua D. Wallach,Stylianos Serghiou,Lingzhi Chu,Alexander C Egilman,Vasilis Vasiliou,Joseph S. Ross,John P. A. Ioannidis +6 more
TL;DR: There is large variation in the confounders considered across observational studies evaluating the impact of alcohol on ischemic heart disease risk and almost all studies spuriously ignore or eventually dismiss confounding in their conclusions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The psychology of obesity: An umbrella review and evidence-based map of the psychological correlates of heavier body weight
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an umbrella review approach to build an evidence-based map of the psychological correlates of heavier body weight and found that on average, people with obesity were likely to be more psychologically similar than different to people with normal weight.
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Genetic and Real-World Clinical Data, Combined with Empirical Validation, Nominate Jak-Stat Signaling as a Target for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Development.
Alejo J. Nevado-Holgado,Elena M. Ribe,Laura Thei,Laura I. Furlong,Miguel-Angel Mayer,Jie Quan,Jill C. Richardson,Jonathan Cavanagh,Simon Lovestone +8 more
TL;DR: The results therefore nominate JAK-STAT anomalies as a prominent aetiopathological event in AD and hence a potential target for therapeutic development, and demonstrate a de novo multi-modal approach to derive information from rapidly increasing genomic datasets.
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