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The acceleration of cosmic rays in shock fronts – I

A. R. Bell
- 01 Feb 1978 - 
- Vol. 182, Iss: 2, pp 147-156
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This article is published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.The article was published on 1978-02-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2613 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Shock waves in astrophysics & Fermi acceleration.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Muon acceleration in cosmic-ray sources

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the IceCube high-energy diffuse neutrino flux limits to set two-dimensional limits on the source opacity and matter density, as a function of accelerating gradient.
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A direct measurement of the forward shock speed in supernova remnant 0509–67.5: Constraints on the age, ambient density, shock compression factor, and electron–ion temperature equilibration

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured a global shock speed of 6500? 200 km s?1 and constrain the pre-shock neutral hydrogen density to be 0.084? 0.003 cm?3, for a typical mean number of H? photons produced per neutral hydrogen atom entering the forward shock.
Journal ArticleDOI

Collisionless Shocks and TeV Neutrinos before Supernova Shock Breakout from an Optically Thick Wind

TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that for some realistic progenitors enshrouded in optically thick winds, such as possibly SN 2008D, a collisionless shock (CS) forms deep inside the wind, soon after the RDS leaves the core, and therefore significantly before supernova breakout.
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A Review of the Theory of Galactic Winds Driven by Stellar Feedback

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the possible mechanisms associated with stars to launch galactic winds, and review the multidimensional hydrodynamic, radiation hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamic simulations of winds based on various algorithms.
Journal ArticleDOI

Why is solar cycle 24 an inefficient producer of high-energy particle events?

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the reason for the low productivity of high-energy SEPs in the present solar cycle and employ scaling laws derived from diffusive shock acceleration theory and simulation studies to find out how the changes observed in the long-term average properties of the erupting and ambient coronal and/or solar wind plasma would affect the ability of shocks to accelerate particles to the highest energies.
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