The link between molecular cloud structure and turbulence
Nicola Schneider,Sylvain Bontemps,Robert Simon,Volker Ossenkopf,Christoph Federrath,Christoph Federrath,Christoph Federrath,Ralf S. Klessen,Ralf S. Klessen,Frédérique Motte,Ph. André,Juergen Stutzki,Christopher M. Brunt +12 more
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In this article, the authors employ a 35 square degrees 13CO 1-0 molecular line survey of Cygnus X and visual extinction (Av) maps of 17 Galactic clouds to analyse the spatial structure using the Delta-variance method.Abstract:
We aim to better understand how the spatial structure of molecular clouds is governed by turbulence. For that, we study the large-scale spatial distribution of low density molecular gas and search for characteristic length scales. We employ a 35 square degrees 13CO 1-0 molecular line survey of Cygnus X and visual extinction (Av) maps of 17 Galactic clouds to analyse the spatial structure using the Delta-variance method. The Delta-variance spectra obtained from the Av maps show differences between low-mass star forming (SF) clouds and massive giant molecular clouds (GMC) in terms of shape of the spectrum and values of the slope beta. Low-mass SF clouds have a double-peak structure with characteristic size scales around 1 pc and 4 pc. These scales may represent SF molecular clumps (1 pc) and/or the width (1 pc) and length (4 pc) of filaments. GMCs show no characteristic scale in the Av-maps which can partly be ascribed to a distance effect due to a larger line-of-sight (LOS) confusion. The Delta-variance for Cygnus, determined from the 13CO survey, shows characteristic scales at 4 pc and 40 pc, either reflecting the filament structure and large-scale turbulence forcing or -- for the 4 pc scale -- the treshhold scale when the 13CO 1-0 line becomes optically thick. Though there are different reasons for characteristic scales (geometry, decaying turbulence, LOS-effects and energy injection due to expanding supernava shells, outflows, etc.), and the relative conribution of these effects strongly varies from cloud to cloud, it is remarkable that the resulting turbulent structure of molecular clouds shows similar characteristics.read more
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Reviews of Modern Physics
TL;DR: In this paper, Belitz et al. presented a survey of the state-of-the-art in condensed-matter physics, focusing on the following papers: Condensed Matter Physics (Theoretical) J. IGNACIO CIRAC, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik Quantum Information RAYMOND E. GOLDSTEIN, University of Cambridge Biological Physics ARTHUR F. HEBARD and DAVID D. KAMIEN.
Journal ArticleDOI
Planck 2013 results. XI. All-sky model of thermal dust emission
Alain Abergel,Peter A. R. Ade,Nabila Aghanim,M. I. R. Alves,G. Aniano,C. Armitage-Caplan,Monique Arnaud,M. Ashdown,Fernando Atrio-Barandela,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,A. J. Banday,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,James G. Bartlett,James G. Bartlett,E. Battaner,K. Benabed,Alain Benoit,A. Benoit-Lévy,A. Benoit-Lévy,J.-P. Bernard,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,Marco Bersanelli,P. Bielewicz,P. Bielewicz,P. Bielewicz,Jérôme Bobin,James J. Bock,Anna Bonaldi,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,F. Boulanger,M. Bridges,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,Carlo Burigana,R. C. Butler,Jean-François Cardoso,Jean-François Cardoso,Jean-François Cardoso,A. Catalano,A. Catalano,A. Chamballu,A. Chamballu,A. Chamballu,R.-R. Chary,H. C. Chiang,H. C. Chiang,Lung-Yih Chiang,P. R. Christensen,Sarah E. Church,M. S. Clemens,David L. Clements,S. Colombi,L. P. L. Colombo,L. P. L. Colombo,C. Combet,F. Couchot,A. Coulais,B. P. Crill,A. Curto,A. Curto,F. Cuttaia,Luigi Danese,R. D. Davies,R. J. Davis,P. de Bernardis,A. de Rosa,G. de Zotti,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,F.-X. Désert,Clive Dickinson,Jose M. Diego,H. Dole,H. Dole,S. Donzelli,Olivier Doré,Marian Douspis,Bruce T. Draine,X. Dupac,George Efstathiou,Torsten A. Enßlin,H. K. Eriksen,E. Falgarone,Fabio Finelli,Olivier Forni,Olivier Forni,M. Frailis,Aurelien A. Fraisse,E. Franceschi,S. Galeotta,K. Ganga,Tuhin Ghosh,M. Giard,M. Giard,G. Giardino,Y. Giraud-Héraud,J. González-Nuevo,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Serge Gratton,A. Gregorio,A. Gregorio,I. A. Grenier,Alessandro Gruppuso,Vincent Guillet,F. K. Hansen,Duncan Hanson,Duncan Hanson,Duncan Hanson,D. L. Harrison,George Helou,Sophie Henrot-Versille,C. Hernández-Monteagudo,D. Herranz,S. R. Hildebrandt,E. Hivon,Michael P. Hobson,W. A. Holmes,Allan Hornstrup,W. Hovest,Kevin M. Huffenberger,Andrew H. Jaffe,T. R. Jaffe,T. R. Jaffe,J. Jewell,Gilles Joncas,W. C. Jones,Mika Juvela,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,Reijo Keskitalo,Theodore Kisner,J. Knoche,Lloyd Knox,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Guilaine Lagache,Anne Lähteenmäki,Anne Lähteenmäki,J.-M. Lamarre,Anthony Lasenby,René J. Laureijs,Charles R. Lawrence,R. Leonardi,Jonathan León-Tavares,Jonathan León-Tavares,J. Lesgourgues,J. Lesgourgues,François Levrier,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,M. Linden-Vørnle,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,J. F. Macías-Pérez,Bruno Maffei,Davide Maino,Davide Maino,N. Mandolesi,N. Mandolesi,N. Mandolesi,Michele Maris,D. J. Marshall,Peter G. Martin,E. Martínez-González,Silvia Masi,Marcella Massardi,Sabino Matarrese,F. Matthai,Pasquale Mazzotta,P. M. McGehee,Alessandro Melchiorri,L. Mendes,A. Mennella,A. Mennella,M. Migliaccio,Subhasish Mitra,Subhasish Mitra,Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes,Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes,A. Moneti,L. Montier,L. Montier,Gianluca Morgante,Daniel J. Mortlock,Dipak Munshi,J. A. Murphy,Pavel Naselsky,Federico Nati,Paolo Natoli,Paolo Natoli,Paolo Natoli,Calvin B. Netterfield,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,F. Noviello,Dmitry Novikov,I. D. Novikov,S. Osborne,Carol Anne Oxborrow,F. Paci,L. Pagano,F. Pajot,Roberta Paladini,Daniela Paoletti,Fabio Pasian,G. Patanchon,O. Perdereau,L. Perotto,Francesca Perrotta,F. Piacentini,M. Piat,Elena Pierpaoli,Davide Pietrobon,Stéphane Plaszczynski,Etienne Pointecouteau,Etienne Pointecouteau,G. Polenta,G. Polenta,N. Ponthieu,N. Ponthieu,L. Popa,T. Poutanen,T. Poutanen,T. Poutanen,G. W. Pratt,G. Prézeau,Simon Prunet,Jean-Loup Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,Jörg P. Rachen,William T. Reach,Rafael Rebolo,Rafael Rebolo,Martin Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,Mathieu Remazeilles,Mathieu Remazeilles,C. Renault,S. Ricciardi,T. Riller,I. Ristorcelli,I. Ristorcelli,Graca Rocha,C. Rosset,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,Michael Rowan-Robinson,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Ben Rusholme,M. Sandri,D. Santos,Giorgio Savini,Douglas Scott,Michael Seiffert,E. P. S. Shellard,Locke D. Spencer,Jean-Luc Starck,V. Stolyarov,V. Stolyarov,Radek Stompor,Rashmikant V. Sudiwala,R. A. Sunyaev,R. A. Sunyaev,F. Sureau,D. Sutton,A.-S. Suur-Uski,A.-S. Suur-Uski,J.-F. Sygnet,J. A. Tauber,D. Tavagnacco,D. Tavagnacco,Luca Terenzi,L. Toffolatti,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,Matthieu Tristram,M. Tucci,M. Tucci,J. Tuovinen,Marc Türler,G. Umana,Luca Valenziano,Jussi Valiviita,Jussi Valiviita,Jussi Valiviita,B. Van Tent,Laurent Verstraete,P. Vielva,F. Villa,Nicola Vittorio,Lawrence A. Wade,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Niraj Welikala,Nathalie Ysard,D. Yvon,Andrea Zacchei,Andrea Zonca +310 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an all-sky model of dust emission from the Planck 857, 545 and 353 GHz, and IRAS 100 micron data.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Star Formation Rate of Turbulent Magnetized Clouds: Comparing Theory, Simulations, and Observations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of turbulence and magnetic fields in star formation in molecular clouds is studied, and it is shown that the SFR depends on four basic parameters: (1) virial parameter αvir; (2) sonic Mach number ; (3) turbulent forcing parameter b, which is a measure for the fraction of energy driven in compressive modes; and (4) plasma with the Alfven Mach number.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Clouds in the Milky Way
Mark H. Heyer,Thomas M. Dame +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors enumerate the major surveys of CO emission along the Galactic plane and summarize the various approaches that leverage these data to determine the large-scale distribution of molecular gas: its radial and vertical distributions, its concentration into clouds, and its relationship to spiral structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
A census of dense cores in the Aquila cloud complex: SPIRE/PACS observations from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
Vera Könyves,Vera Könyves,Ph. André,Alexander Men'shchikov,P. Palmeirim,Doris Arzoumanian,Doris Arzoumanian,Nicola Schneider,Nicola Schneider,A. Roy,P. Didelon,Anaëlle Maury,Yoshito Shimajiri,J. Di Francesco,J. Di Francesco,Sylvain Bontemps,Nicolas Peretto,Nicolas Peretto,Milena Benedettini,J.-Ph. Bernard,J.-Ph. Bernard,Davide Elia,Matthew James Griffin,T. Hill,Jason M. Kirk,Bilal Ladjelate,Kenneth A. Marsh,Peter G. Martin,Frédérique Motte,Q. Nguyen Luong,Q. Nguyen Luong,Stefano Pezzuto,Helene Roussel,Kazi L.J. Rygl,Kazi L.J. Rygl,Sarah Sadavoy,Sarah Sadavoy,Sarah Sadavoy,E. Schisano,L. Spinoglio,Derek Ward-Thompson,Glenn J. White,Glenn J. White +42 more
TL;DR: In this article, the results of the Herschel Gould Belt survey (HGBS) observations in an ~11 deg2 area of the Aquila molecular cloud complex at d ~ 260 pc, imaged with the SPIRE and PACS photometric cameras in parallel mode from 70 μm to 500 μm.
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