The LOFAR Two Meter Sky Survey: Deep Fields, I -- Direction-dependent calibration and imaging
C. Tasse,Timothy W. Shimwell,Martin J. Hardcastle,Shane O'Sullivan,R. J. van Weeren,Philip Best,L. Bester,B. Hugo,Oleg Smirnov,J. Sabater,G. Calistro-Rivera,F. de Gasperin,Leah K. Morabito,Huub Röttgering,Wendy L. Williams,M. Bonato,M. Bondi,A. Botteon,Marcus Brüggen,G. Brunetti,Krzysztof T. Chyzy,M. A. Garrett,G. Gürkan,Matt J. Jarvis,R. Kondapally,S. Mandal,Isabella Prandoni,Audrey Repetti,E. Retana-Montenegro,Dominik J. Schwarz,A. Shulevski,Yves Wiaux +31 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors present a new calibration and imaging pipeline that aims at producing high fidelity, high dynamic range images with LOFAR High Band Antenna data, while being computationally efficient and robust against the absorption of unmodeled radio emission.Abstract:
The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is an ideal instrument to conduct deep extragalactic surveys. It has a large field of view and is sensitive to large scale and compact emission. It is, however, very challenging to synthesize thermal noise limited maps at full resolution, mainly because of the complexity of the low-frequency sky and the direction dependent effects (phased array beams and ionosphere). In this first paper of a series we present a new calibration and imaging pipeline that aims at producing high fidelity, high dynamic range images with LOFAR High Band Antenna data, while being computationally efficient and robust against the absorption of unmodeled radio emission. We apply this calibration and imaging strategy to synthesize deep images of the Bootes and LH fields at 150 MHz, totaling $\sim80$ and $\sim100$ hours of integration respectively and reaching unprecedented noise levels at these low frequencies of $\lesssim30$ and $\lesssim23$ $\mu$Jy/beam in the inner $\sim3$ deg$^2$. This approach is also being used to reduce the LoTSS-wide data for the second data release.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). V. Second data release
Timothy W. Shimwell,Martin J. Hardcastle,C. Tasse,P. N. Best,Huub Rottgering,G. Williams,A. Botteon,A. Drabent,A. P. Mechev,Aleksandar Shulevski,R. J. van Weeren,L. Bester,M. Bruggen,G. Brunetti,Joseph R. Callingham,K. T. Chy.zy,John Conway,T. J. Dijkema,Kenneth Duncan,F. de Gasperin,C. L. Hale,Marijke Haverkorn,B. Hugo,N. J. Jackson,Maaijke Mevius,George K. Miley,Leah K. Morabito,Raffaella Morganti,A. R. Offringa,J. B. R. Oonk,David Rafferty,J. Sabater,D. J. B. Smith,Dominik J. Schwarz,Oleg Smirnov,Shane O'Sullivan,Harish Vedantham,Glenn J. White,Joshua G. Albert,L. Alegre,B. Duah Asabere,David Bacon,Annalisa Bonafede,E. Bonnassieux,Marisa Brienza,M. Bilicki,Matteo Bonato,G. Calistro Rivera,Rossella Cassano,Rachel Cochrane,Judith H. Croston,V. Cuciti,Daniele Dallacasa,A. Danezi,R.-J. Dettmar,G. Di Gennaro,H. Edler,Torsten A. Enßlin,K. L. Emig,Thomas M. O. Franzen,C. Garc'ia-Vergara,Y. G. Grange,Gulay Gurkan,M Hajduk,George Heald,Volker Heesen,D. N. Hoang,Matthias Hoeft,Cathy Horellou,Marco Iacobelli,Marek Jamrozy,V. Jeli'c,R. Kondapally,P. Kukreti,Magdalena Kunert-Bajraszewska,Manuela Magliocchetti,V. H. Mahatma,Katarzyna Małek,Subhash C. Mandal,Francesco Massaro,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Beatriz Mingo,R. I. J. Mostert,Dhanya G Nair,S. J. Nakoneczny,B. Nikiel-Wroczy'nski,Emanuela Orru,U. Pajdosz-Smierciak,Thomas Pasini,Isabella Prandoni,H.E. Van Piggelen,K. Rajpurohit,E. Retana-Montenegro,C. J. Riseley,Antonia Rowlinson,A. Saxena,Coen Schrijvers,F. Sweijen,Thilo M. Siewert,R. Timmerman,Mattia Vaccari,Jacco Vink,Jennifer West,Aleksandra Wołowska,X. Zhang,J Zheng +105 more
TL;DR: In this article , a catalogue of 4,396,228 radio sources is derived from the total intensity (Stokes I) maps, where the majority of these have never been detected at radio wavelengths before.
Journal ArticleDOI
LOFAR observations of galaxy clusters in HETDEX
R. J. van Weeren,Timothy W. Shimwell,A. Botteon,G. Brunetti,Marcus Brüggen,J. M. Boxelaar,Rossella Cassano,G. Di Gennaro,F. Andrade-Santos,E. Bonnassieux,Annalisa Bonafede,V. Cuciti,Daniele Dallacasa,F. de Gasperin,F. Gastaldello,Martin J. Hardcastle,Matthias Hoeft,R. P. Kraft,S. Mandal,M. Rossetti,H. J. A. Röttgering,C. Tasse,A. Wilber +22 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize the presence of diffuse radio emission in known galaxy clusters in the HETDEX Spring Field, covering 424 deg$^2$. For this, they developed a method to extract individual targets from LOFAR observations processed with the LoTSS DDF-pipeline.
Journal ArticleDOI
The LOFAR LBA Sky Survey I. Survey description and preliminary data release
F. de Gasperin,F. de Gasperin,Wendy L. Williams,Philip Best,Marcus Brüggen,Gianfranco Brunetti,V. Cuciti,T. J. Dijkema,Martin J. Hardcastle,M. J. Norden,A. R. Offringa,Timothy W. Shimwell,Timothy W. Shimwell,R. J. van Weeren,Dominik J. Bomans,Annalisa Bonafede,Annalisa Bonafede,A. Botteon,Joseph R. Callingham,Joseph R. Callingham,Rossella Cassano,Krzysztof T. Chyzy,K. L. Emig,K. L. Emig,H. Edler,Marijke Haverkorn,George Heald,Volker Heesen,Marco Iacobelli,Huib Intema,Matthias Kadler,Katarzyna Małek,M. Mevius,George K. Miley,Beatriz Mingo,Leah K. Morabito,J. Sabater,R. Morganti,R. Morganti,Emanuela Orru,R. Pizzo,Isabella Prandoni,Aleksandar Shulevski,Aleksandar Shulevski,Cyril Tasse,Cyril Tasse,Mattia Vaccari,Mattia Vaccari,Ph. Zarka,Huub Röttgering +49 more
TL;DR: The LOFAR LBA Sky Survey (LoLSS) as discussed by the authors is the only radio telescope that is presently capable of high-sensitivity, high-resolution (i.e. < 1 mJy beam −1 and < 15″) observations at ultra-low frequencies (< 100 MHz).
Journal ArticleDOI
The LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey: Deep Fields Data Release 1 - III. Host-galaxy identifications and value added catalogues
R. Kondapally,P. N. Best,Martin J. Hardcastle,D. Nisbet,Matteo Bonato,J. Sabater,Kenneth Duncan,Kenneth Duncan,I. McCheyne,Rachel Cochrane,Rebecca A. A. Bowler,Wendy L. Williams,Timothy W. Shimwell,Timothy W. Shimwell,Cyril Tasse,Cyril Tasse,Judith H. Croston,Arti Goyal,Marek Jamrozy,Matt J. Jarvis,Matt J. Jarvis,V. H. Mahatma,H. J. A. Röttgering,D. J. B. Smith,A. Wołowska,M. Bondi,M. Brienza,M. Brienza,Michael J. I. Brown,Marcus Brüggen,K. C. Chambers,M. A. Garrett,M. A. Garrett,G. Gürkan,M. E. Huber,Magdalena Kunert-Bajraszewska,Eugene A. Magnier,Beatriz Mingo,R. I. J. Mostert,R. I. J. Mostert,Błażej Nikiel-Wroczyński,Shane O'Sullivan,Rosita Paladino,T. Ploeckinger,Isabella Prandoni,M. J. Rosenthal,Dominik J. Schwarz,Aleksandar Shulevski,J. D. Wagenveld,Lingyu Wang,Lingyu Wang +50 more
TL;DR: The first LoTSS Deep Fields data release consists of deep radio imaging at 150~MHz of the ELAIS-N1, Lockman Hole, and Bo\"{o}tes fields, down to RMS sensitives of around 20, 22, and 32$~\mu$Jy\,beam$^{-1}$, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields -- Data Release 1: IV. Photometric redshifts and stellar masses
Kenneth Duncan,R. Kondapally,Michael J. I. Brown,M. Bonato,Philip Best,Huub Röttgering,M. Bondi,Rebecca A. A. Bowler,Rachel Cochrane,G. Gürkan,Martin J. Hardcastle,Matt J. Jarvis,Magdalena Kunert-Bajraszewska,Sarah K. Leslie,Katarzyna Małek,Leah K. Morabito,Shane O'Sullivan,Isabella Prandoni,J. Sabater,Timothy W. Shimwell,Daniel J. Smith,L. Wang,A. Wołowska +22 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented consistent photometric redshift estimates for the optical source catalogues in all three fields of the LoTSS Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) down to rms sensitivities of the Bootes, European Large Area Infrared Space Observatory Survey-North 1 (ELAIS-N1), and Lockman Hole fields.
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Journal ArticleDOI
LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
M. P. van Haarlem,Michael W. Wise,Michael W. Wise,A. W. Gunst,George Heald,John McKean,Jason W. T. Hessels,Jason W. T. Hessels,de Antonius Bruyn,de Antonius Bruyn,R. Nijboer,John D. Swinbank,Richard Fallows,Michiel A. Brentjens,A. Nelles,Rainer Beck,Heino Falcke,Heino Falcke,Rob Fender,Jörg R. Hörandel,Luitje Koopmans,G. Mann,George K. Miley,Huub Röttgering,B. W. Stappers,Ralph A. M. J. Wijers,Saleem Zaroubi,M. van den Akker,A. Alexov,J. M. Anderson,Kenneth C. Anderson,A. van Ardenne,A. van Ardenne,Michel Arts,Ashish Asgekar,I. M. Avruch,I. M. Avruch,F. Batejat,L. Bähren,Martin Bell,Michael R. Bell,I. van Bemmel,P. Bennema,Mark J. Bentum,Gianni Bernardi,Philip Best,Laura Birzan,Annalisa Bonafede,Albert-Jan Boonstra,Robert Braun,Joel N. Bregman,F. Breitling,R. H. van de Brink,J. W. Broderick,P. C. Broekema,W. N. Brouw,W. N. Brouw,Marcus Brüggen,Harvey Butcher,Harvey Butcher,W. A. van Cappellen,B. Ciardi,T. Coenen,John Conway,A. H. W. M. Coolen,Arthur Corstanje,S. Damstra,O. Davies,Adam Deller,R. J. Dettmar,G. van Diepen,K. Dijkstra,P. Donker,A. Doorduin,J. Dromer,M. Drost,A. van Duin,Jochen Eislöffel,J. van Enst,Chiara Ferrari,Wilfred Frieswijk,H. Gankema,M. A. Garrett,M. A. Garrett,F. de Gasperin,M. Gerbers,E. de Geus,J.-M. Grießmeier,J.-M. Grießmeier,T. Grit,P. Gruppen,J. P. Hamaker,Tim Hassall,Matthias Hoeft,H. A. Holties,A. Horneffer,A. Horneffer,A. J. van der Horst,A. van Houwelingen,A. Huijgen,Marco Iacobelli,Hubertus Intema,Hubertus Intema,N. J. Jackson,Vibor Jelić,A. de Jong,E. Juette,D. Kant,Aris Karastergiou,A. Koers,H. Kollen,V. I. Kondratiev,E. Kooistra,Y. Koopman,A. Koster,M. Kuniyoshi,Michael Kramer,Michael Kramer,G. Kuper,P. Lambropoulos,Casey J. Law,Casey J. Law,J. van Leeuwen,J. van Leeuwen,J. Lemaitre,M. Loose,P. Maat,Giulia Macario,Sera Markoff,J. Masters,J. Masters,Rebecca McFadden,D. McKay-Bukowski,H. Meijering,H. Meulman,M. Mevius,Enno Middelberg,R. Millenaar,James Miller-Jones,James Miller-Jones,R. N. Mohan,J. D. Mol,J. Morawietz,Raffaella Morganti,Raffaella Morganti,D. D. Mulcahy,E. Mulder,H. Munk,Lambert J.M. Nieuwenhuis,R. van Nieuwpoort,J. E. Noordam,M. J. Norden,A. Noutsos,A. R. Offringa,Hans Olofsson,Amitesh Omar,Emanuela Orrú,Emanuela Orrú,R. Overeem,H. Paas,M. Pandey-Pommier,Vishambhar Pandey,Roberto Pizzo,A. G. Polatidis,D. A. Rafferty,Steve Rawlings,W. Reich,J.-P. de Reijer,J. Reitsma,G.A. Renting,P. Riemers,E. Rol,J. W. Romein,J. Roosjen,M. Ruiter,Anna M. M. Scaife,K. van der Schaaf,Bart Scheers,Bart Scheers,Pim Schellart,A. P. Schoenmakers,G. Schoonderbeek,M. Serylak,M. Serylak,Aleksandar Shulevski,J. Sluman,Oleg Smirnov,Charlotte Sobey,H. Spreeuw,Matthias Steinmetz,C. G. M. Sterks,H.-J. Stiepel,K. Stuurwold,Michel Tagger,Y. Tang,C. Tasse,I. Thomas,Satyendra Thoudam,M. C. Toribio,B. van der Tol,O. Usov,M. van Veelen,A.-J. van der Veen,S. ter Veen,Joris P. W. Verbiest,R. Vermeulen,N. J. Vermaas,C. Vocks,C. Vogt,M. de Vos,E. van der Wal,R. J. van Weeren,R. J. van Weeren,H. Weggemans,Patrick Weltevrede,Simon D. M. White,Stefan J. Wijnholds,T. Wilhelmsson,Olaf Wucknitz,Sarod Yatawatta,Philippe Zarka,Anton Zensus,J. E. van Zwieten +222 more
TL;DR: In dit artikel zullen the authors LOFAR beschrijven: van de astronomische mogelijkheden met de nieuwe telescoop tot aan een nadere technische beshrijving of het instrument.
Journal ArticleDOI
LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
M. P. van Haarlem,Michael W. Wise,A. W. Gunst,George Heald,John McKean,Jason W. T. Hessels,A. G. de Bruyn,R. Nijboer,John D. Swinbank,Richard Fallows,Michiel A. Brentjens,A. Nelles,Rainer Beck,Heino Falcke,Rob Fender,Jörg R. Hörandel,Léon V. E. Koopmans,G. Mann,George K. Miley,Huub Röttgering,B. W. Stappers,Ralph A. M. J. Wijers,Saleem Zaroubi,M. van den Akker,A. Alexov,James M. Anderson,Kenneth C. Anderson,A. van Ardenne,Michel Arts,Ashish Asgekar,I. M. Avruch,F. Batejat,L. Bähren,Martin Bell,Michael R. Bell,I. van Bemmel,P. Bennema,Mark J. Bentum,Gianni Bernardi,P. N. Best,Laura Birzan,Annalisa Bonafede,Albert-Jan Boonstra,Robert Braun,Joel N. Bregman,F. Breitling,R. H. van de Brink,J. W. Broderick,P. C. Broekema,W. N. Brouw,Marcus Brüggen,Harvey Butcher,W. A. van Cappellen,B. Ciardi,T. Coenen,John Conway,A. H. W. M. Coolen,Arthur Corstanje,S. Damstra,O. Davies,Adam Deller,R. J. Dettmar,G. van Diepen,K. Dijkstra,P. Donker,A. Doorduin,J. Dromer,M. Drost,A. van Duin,Jochen Eislöffel,J. van Enst,Chiara Ferrari,Wilfred Frieswijk,H. Gankema,M. A. Garrett,F. de Gasperin,M. Gerbers,E. de Geus,J.-M. Grießmeier,T. Grit,P. Gruppen,J. P. Hamaker,Tim Hassall,Matthias Hoeft,H. A. Holties,A. Horneffer,A. J. van der Horst,A. van Houwelingen,A. Huijgen,Marco Iacobelli,Hubertus Intema,N. J. Jackson,Vibor Jelić,A. de Jong,E. Juette,D. Kant,Aris Karastergiou,A. Koers,H. Kollen,V. I. Kondratiev,E. Kooistra,Y. Koopman,A. Koster,M. Kuniyoshi,Michael Kramer,Gerard H. Kuper,P. Lambropoulos,Casey J. Law,J. van Leeuwen,J. Lemaitre,M. Loose,P. Maat,Giulia Macario,Sera Markoff,J. Masters,D. McKay-Bukowski,H. Meijering,H. Meulman,Maaijke Mevius,Enno Middelberg,R. Millenaar,James Miller-Jones,R. N. Mohan,J. D. Mol,J. Morawietz,Raffaella Morganti,D. D. Mulcahy,E. Mulder,H. Munk,Lambert J.M. Nieuwenhuis,R.V. van Nieuwpoort,J. E. Noordam,M. J. Norden,A. Noutsos,A. R. Offringa,Hans Olofsson,Amitesh Omar,Emanuela Orrú,R. Overeem,H. Paas,M. Pandey-Pommier,Vishambhar Pandey,Roberto Pizzo,A. G. Polatidis,D. A. Rafferty,Steve Rawlings,W. Reich,J.-P. de Reijer,J. Reitsma,A. Renting,P. Riemers,E. Rol,J. W. Romein,J. Roosjen,M. Ruiter,Anna M. M. Scaife,K. van der Schaaf,B. Scheers,Pim Schellart,A. P. Schoenmakers,G. Schoonderbeek,M. Serylak,Aleksandar Shulevski,J. Sluman,Oleg Smirnov,Charlotte Sobey,H. Spreeuw,Matthias Steinmetz,C. G. M. Sterks,H.-J. Stiepel,K. Stuurwold,Michel Tagger,Y. Tang,C. Tasse,I. Thomas,Satyendra Thoudam,M. C. Toribio,B. van der Tol,O. Usov,M. van Veelen,A. van Veen,S. ter Veen,Joris P. W. Verbiest,R. Vermeulen,N. J. Vermaas,C. Vocks,C. Vogt,M. de Vos,E. van der Wal,R. J. van Weeren,H. Weggemans,Patrick Weltevrede,Simon D. M. White,Stefan J. Wijnholds,T. Wilhelmsson,Olaf Wucknitz,Sarod Yatawatta,P. Zarka,Anton Zensus,J. E. van Zwieten +199 more
TL;DR: The International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) as mentioned in this paper is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe, which covers the largely unexplored low frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities.
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LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
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