Journal ArticleDOI
The Molecular and Nuclear Dynamics of X-Chromosome Inactivation.
François Dossin,Edith Heard +1 more
TLDR
The X chromosome inactivation (XCI) process as discussed by the authors is dependent on Xist, a long noncoding RNA that coats and silences the X chromosome from which it is transcribed.Abstract:
In female eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked gene expression is achieved during development through transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes. Following X chromosome inactivation (XCI), the inactive X chromosome remains faithfully silenced throughout somatic cell divisions. XCI is dependent on Xist, a long noncoding RNA that coats and silences the X chromosome from which it is transcribed. Xist coating triggers a cascade of chromosome-wide changes occurring at the levels of transcription, chromatin composition, chromosome structure, and spatial organization within the nucleus. XCI has emerged as a paradigm for the study of such crucial nuclear processes and the dissection of their functional interplay. In the past decade, the advent of tools to characterize and perturb these processes have provided an unprecedented understanding into their roles during XCI. The mechanisms orchestrating the initiation of XCI as well as its maintenance are thus being unraveled, although many questions still remain. Here, we introduce key aspects of the XCI process and review the recent discoveries about its molecular basis.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Noncoding RNAs: biology and applications—a Keystone Symposia report
Jennifer Cable,Edith Heard,Edith Heard,Tetsuro Hirose,Tetsuro Hirose,Kannanganattu V. Prasanth,Ling-Ling Chen,Ling-Ling Chen,Jonathan E. Henninger,Sofia A. Quinodoz,David L. Spector,Sarah D. Diermeier,Allison M Porman,Dhiraj Kumar,Mark W. Feinberg,Xiaohua Shen,Juan Pablo Unfried,Rory Johnson,Rory Johnson,Chun-Kan Chen,Jeremy E. Wilusz,Adelheid Lempradl,Sean E. McGeary,Lamia Wahba,Anna Marie Pyle,Anna Marie Pyle,Amanda E. Hargrove,Matthew D. Simon,Marco Marcia,Roza K. Przanowska,Howard Y. Chang,Howard Y. Chang,Samie R. Jaffrey,Lydia M. Contreras,Qi Chen,Junchao Shi,Joshua T. Mendell,Lin He,Erwei Song,John L Rinn,Mukesh Kumar Lalwani,Murat C. Kalem,Edward B. Chuong,Lynne E. Maquat,Xuhang Liu +44 more
TL;DR: The 2019 Keystone eSymposium "Noncoding RNAs: Biology and Applications" as mentioned in this paper brought together researchers working in RNA biology, structure, and technologies to accelerate both the understanding of RNA basic biology and the translation of those findings into clinical applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation
Giulia Furlan,Rafael Galupa +1 more
TL;DR: The current understanding of the process of choice during X-chromosome inactivation and its implications is reviewed, focusing on the strategies evolved by different mammalian lineages and on the known and unknown molecular mechanisms and players involved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chromatin accessibility: methods, mechanisms, and biological insights
TL;DR: In this article , the authors review the ongoing development of accessibility measurements, summarize the different molecular and structural mechanisms that shape the accessibility landscape, and detail the many important biological functions that are linked to chromatin accessibility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cohesin controls X chromosome structure remodeling and X-reactivation during mouse iPSC-reprogramming
Serena F Generoso,Maria Victoria Neguembor,Elliot A. Hershberg,Ruslan I. Sadreyev,Kazuki Kurimoto,Yukihiro Yabuta,Raffaele Ricci,Pauline N. C. B. Audergon,Moritz Bauer,Mitinori Saitou,Konrad Hochedlinger,Brian J. Beliveau,Maria Pia Cosma,Jeannie T. Lee,Bernhard Payer +14 more
TL;DR: In this article , the cohesin protein SMC1a was identified as a key regulator of the X chromosome reactivation process during reprogramming of differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mono a Mano: ZBP1’s Love–Hate Relationship with the Kissing Virus
TL;DR: A state of détente now exists where persistent infection by the virus is tolerated by the host, while disease outcomes such as death, autoimmunity and cancer are minimized.