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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Facilitates Pro-Social Behavior and Prevents Social Avoidance in Rats and Mice

TLDR
The data indicate that the basal activity of the endogenous brain OT system is sufficient to promote natural occurring social preference in rodents while synthetic OT shows potential to reverse stress-induced social avoidance and might thus be of use for treating social phobia and social dysfunction in humans.
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This article is published in Neuropsychopharmacology.The article was published on 2011-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 347 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Social relation & Social defeat.

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Animal models of social avoidance and social fear.

TL;DR: This review describes and discusses the most important paradigms that have been shown to induce social avoidance and fear in rodents, including foot shock exposure, restraint stress, social isolation, social instability, social defeat, conditioned defeat, social Defeat/overcrowding, chronic subordinate colony housing, chronic mild stress, maternal separation and social fear conditioning.
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Deconstructing sociality, social evolution and relevant nonapeptide functions

TL;DR: What is known about functional evolution of nonapeptide systems is discussed, general assumptions about bonding and other functions that are based on the model systems approach are critically evaluated, and critical gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
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Oxytocin mediates rodent social memory within the lateral septum and the medial amygdala depending on the relevance of the social stimulus: male juvenile versus female adult conspecifics

TL;DR: Results indicate that brain OXT is a critical mediator of social memory in male rodents and that, depending on the biological relevance of the social stimulus, distinct brain regions are recruited to mediate its effects.
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Intranasal administration of oxytocin: behavioral and clinical effects, a review.

TL;DR: It is concluded that IN-OT administration may be a promising approach to influence human communication but that the existing lack of information about the neural and physiological mechanisms involved is a serious problem for the proper understanding and interpretation of the observed effects.
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Life in groups: the roles of oxytocin in mammalian sociality

TL;DR: OT’s effects reach beyond maternal attachment and pair bonds to play a role in affiliative behavior underlying “friendships”, organization of broad social structures, and maintenance of established social relationships with individuals or groups.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat.

TL;DR: A novel test for the selective identification of anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects in the rat is described, using an elevated + -maze consisting of two open arms and two enclosed arms, which showed that behaviour on the maze was not clearly correlated either with exploratory head-dipping or spontaneous locomotor activity.
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Oxytocin increases trust in humans

TL;DR: It is shown that intranasal administration of oxytocin, a neuropeptide that plays a key role in social attachment and affiliation in non-human mammals, causes a substantial increase in trust among humans, thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions.
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Essential Role of BDNF in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway in Social Defeat Stress

TL;DR: It is shown that viral-mediated, mesolimbic dopamine pathway–specific knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the development of experience-dependent social aversion in mice experiencing repeated aggression.
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Oxytocin Modulates Neural Circuitry for Social Cognition and Fear in Humans

TL;DR: It is shown that human amygdala function is strongly modulated by oxytocin, and this results indicate a neural mechanism for the effects of Oxytocin in social cognition in the human brain and provide a methodology and rationale for exploring therapeutic strategies in disorders in which abnormal amygdala function has been implicated, such as social phobia or autism.
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Oxytocin improves "mind-reading" in humans.

TL;DR: Oxytocin improves the ability to infer the mental state of others from social cues of the eye region, and might play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by severe social impairment.
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