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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Facilitates Pro-Social Behavior and Prevents Social Avoidance in Rats and Mice

TLDR
The data indicate that the basal activity of the endogenous brain OT system is sufficient to promote natural occurring social preference in rodents while synthetic OT shows potential to reverse stress-induced social avoidance and might thus be of use for treating social phobia and social dysfunction in humans.
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This article is published in Neuropsychopharmacology.The article was published on 2011-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 347 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Social relation & Social defeat.

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Relation of promoter methylation of the structural oxytocin gene to critical life events in major depression: A case control study.

TL;DR: In this article, the gene coding for oxytocin (OXT) was found to have a significantly lower OXT methylation than healthy controls, but only in the group of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients.
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Owner-reported personality assessments are associated with breed groups but not with oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)

TL;DR: These personality measures appear to evaluate different facets of the same personality concepts, and dogs with no history of aggression toward household members, unfamiliar children, unfamiliar men and women, and unfamiliar dogs scored higher in amicability, and eagerness to please scores were positively correlated with training focus andAmicability.
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The arginine-vasotocin and serotonergic systems affect interspecific social behaviour of client fish in marine cleaning mutualism.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the AVT system plays a role in social affiliation towards an interspecific partner, while the serotonin system affects clients' acceptance of level of proximity to cleaner fish during interactions.
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Oxytocin protects against 3-NP induced learning and memory impairment in rats: Sex differences in behavioral and molecular responses to the context of prenatal stress.

TL;DR: The results indicated that OXT improved learning and memory impairment caused by 3-NP or prenatal stress in both sexes, along with a significant decrease in the level of RIP3, AChE and GDH activities.
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Oxytocin is indispensable for conspecific-odor preference and controls the initiation of female, but not male, sexual behavior in mice.

TL;DR: It is concluded that OT plays an important role in the regulation of olfactory-related social behavior in both male and female mice, especially during social interactions involving the acquisition of sexual experience.
References
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Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat.

TL;DR: A novel test for the selective identification of anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects in the rat is described, using an elevated + -maze consisting of two open arms and two enclosed arms, which showed that behaviour on the maze was not clearly correlated either with exploratory head-dipping or spontaneous locomotor activity.
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Oxytocin increases trust in humans

TL;DR: It is shown that intranasal administration of oxytocin, a neuropeptide that plays a key role in social attachment and affiliation in non-human mammals, causes a substantial increase in trust among humans, thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions.
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Essential Role of BDNF in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway in Social Defeat Stress

TL;DR: It is shown that viral-mediated, mesolimbic dopamine pathway–specific knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the development of experience-dependent social aversion in mice experiencing repeated aggression.
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Oxytocin Modulates Neural Circuitry for Social Cognition and Fear in Humans

TL;DR: It is shown that human amygdala function is strongly modulated by oxytocin, and this results indicate a neural mechanism for the effects of Oxytocin in social cognition in the human brain and provide a methodology and rationale for exploring therapeutic strategies in disorders in which abnormal amygdala function has been implicated, such as social phobia or autism.
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Oxytocin improves "mind-reading" in humans.

TL;DR: Oxytocin improves the ability to infer the mental state of others from social cues of the eye region, and might play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by severe social impairment.
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