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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Facilitates Pro-Social Behavior and Prevents Social Avoidance in Rats and Mice

TLDR
The data indicate that the basal activity of the endogenous brain OT system is sufficient to promote natural occurring social preference in rodents while synthetic OT shows potential to reverse stress-induced social avoidance and might thus be of use for treating social phobia and social dysfunction in humans.
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This article is published in Neuropsychopharmacology.The article was published on 2011-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 347 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Social relation & Social defeat.

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Validating Rat Model of Empathy for Pain: Effects of Pain Expressions in Social Partners.

TL;DR: The results suggest that development of EMPH in CO rats would be determined not only by extent of familiarity but also by visually identifiable pain expressions in the social partners during short period of PDSI, a valid model for studying the neural mechanisms of empathy in lower animals.
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Sociality and oxytocin and vasopressin in the brain of male and female dominant and subordinate mandarin voles.

TL;DR: It is found that dominant mandarin voles engaged in higher levels of approaching, investigating, self-grooming and exploring behavior than subordinates, and sex differences were found in the level of oxytocin and vasopressin.
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The Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System Mediates Empathy for Pain through Selective Up-Regulation of P2X3 Receptor in Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rats.

TL;DR: Empathy for pain observed in the CO rats is likely to be mediated by activation of the top-down mPFC-LC/NE-sympathoadrenomedullary (SAM) system that further up-regulates P2X3 receptors in the periphery, however, social stress observed inThe NCO rats is mediated byactivation of both hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and SAM axis.
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Extinction of fear is facilitated by social presence: Synergism with prefrontal oxytocin

TL;DR: Results show that the social presence of another animal in the extinction context facilitates extinction, and that this facilitation is mediated through mPFC-OT, implying that social interaction may be an easy, accessible therapeutic tool for the treatment of fear-associated disorders.
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A ghrelin receptor and oxytocin receptor heterocomplex impairs oxytocin mediated signalling.

TL;DR: In this paper, a co-localized expression of the OTR and GHSR was shown in a heterologous cellular expression system and in primary cultures of the hypothalamus and hippocampus.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat.

TL;DR: A novel test for the selective identification of anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects in the rat is described, using an elevated + -maze consisting of two open arms and two enclosed arms, which showed that behaviour on the maze was not clearly correlated either with exploratory head-dipping or spontaneous locomotor activity.
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Oxytocin increases trust in humans

TL;DR: It is shown that intranasal administration of oxytocin, a neuropeptide that plays a key role in social attachment and affiliation in non-human mammals, causes a substantial increase in trust among humans, thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions.
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Essential Role of BDNF in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway in Social Defeat Stress

TL;DR: It is shown that viral-mediated, mesolimbic dopamine pathway–specific knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the development of experience-dependent social aversion in mice experiencing repeated aggression.
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Oxytocin Modulates Neural Circuitry for Social Cognition and Fear in Humans

TL;DR: It is shown that human amygdala function is strongly modulated by oxytocin, and this results indicate a neural mechanism for the effects of Oxytocin in social cognition in the human brain and provide a methodology and rationale for exploring therapeutic strategies in disorders in which abnormal amygdala function has been implicated, such as social phobia or autism.
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Oxytocin improves "mind-reading" in humans.

TL;DR: Oxytocin improves the ability to infer the mental state of others from social cues of the eye region, and might play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by severe social impairment.
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