Journal ArticleDOI
The nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
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This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulceration.Abstract:
The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) were previously thought to be inert end products of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) metabolism However, recent studies show that these supposedly inert anions can be recycled in vivo to form NO, representing an important alternative source of NO to the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway, in particular in hypoxic states This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulcerationread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance
TL;DR: Intriguingly, nitrate supplementation also reduces the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and can, in some circumstances, enhance exercise tolerance and performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation
TL;DR: The biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, are presented, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of no/ROS in cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on exercising muscle vascular control in rats
Scott K. Ferguson,Daniel M. Hirai,Steven W. Copp,Clark T. Holdsworth,Jason D. Allen,Andrew M. Jones,Timothy I. Musch,David C. Poole +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that inorganic NO3− supplementation improves vascular control and elevates skeletal muscle O2 delivery during exercise predominantly in fast‐twitch type II muscles, and provide a potential mechanism by which NO3+ supplementation improves metabolic control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral bacteria in blood pressure control.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the recycling of endogenous nitrate by oral bacteria plays an important role in determination of plasma nitrite levels and thereby in the physiological control of blood pressure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary nitrate increases tetanic [Ca2+]i and contractile force in mouse fast-twitch muscle
Andrés Hernández,Tomas A. Schiffer,Niklas Ivarsson,Arthur J. Cheng,Joseph D. Bruton,Jon O. Lundberg,Eddie Weitzberg,Håkan Westerblad +7 more
TL;DR: These results provide a new mechanism by which nitrate exerts beneficial effects on muscle function with applications to sports performance and a potential therapeutic role in conditions with muscle weakness.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway
Salvador Moncada,Annie Higgs +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery that mammalian cells generate nitric oxide, a gas previously considered to be merely an atmospheric pollutant, is providing important information about many biologic processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Lawrence J. Appel,Thomas Burton Moore,Thomas Burton Moore,Eva Obarzanek,William M. Vollmer,Laura P. Svetkey,Frank M. Sacks,George A. Bray,Thomas M. Vogt,Jeffrey A. Cutler,Marlene M. Windhauser,Pao-Hwa Lin,Njeri Karanja,Denise G. Simons-Morton,Marjorie L. McCullough,Janis F. Swain,Priscilla Steele,Marguerite Evans,Edgar R. Miller,David W. Harsha +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure were assessed in a clinical trial, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, where the subjects were fed a control diet that was low in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, with a fat content typical of the average diet in the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation.
Kenyatta Cosby,Kristine S. Partovi,Jack H. Crawford,Rakesh P. Patel,Christopher D. Reiter,Sabrina Martyr,Benjamin K. Yang,Myron A. Waclawiw,Gloria Zalos,Xiuli Xu,Kris T. Huang,Howard Shields,Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro,Alan N. Schechter,Richard O. Cannon,Mark T. Gladwin +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that nitrite represents a major bioavailable pool of NO, and a new physiological function for hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase is described, potentially contributing to hypoxic vasodilation.
Journal Article
Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S-nitrosothiols as active intermediates.
Louis J. Ignarro,Howard Lippton,J C Edwards,William H. Baricos,Albert L. Hyman,P. J. Kadowitz,Carl A. Gruetter +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Macrophage cytotoxicity: role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite.
TL;DR: An L-arginine-dependent biochemical pathway synthesizing L-citrulline and nitrite, coupled to an effector mechanism, is shown to cause this pattern of metabolic inhibition in cytotoxic activated macrophages.