Journal ArticleDOI
The nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
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This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulceration.Abstract:
The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) were previously thought to be inert end products of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) metabolism However, recent studies show that these supposedly inert anions can be recycled in vivo to form NO, representing an important alternative source of NO to the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway, in particular in hypoxic states This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulcerationread more
Citations
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Antioxidative nanomaterials and biomedical applications
Yanlan Liu,Jinjun Shi +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive and up-to-date overview on antioxidative nanomaterials in terms of the category, their antioxidative activities and underlying mechanisms, and the potential biomedical applications is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and alters major metabolic pathways in human erythrocytes.
TL;DR: Results show that NaNO2-induced oxidative stress causes hemoglobin denaturation and aggregation, weakens the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism, damages the cell membrane and also perturbs normal energy metabolism in erythrocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Nitrate to Nitric Oxide: The Role of Salivary Glands and Oral Bacteria.
TL;DR: The role of salivary glands and oral bacteria in the metabolism of nitrate and in the maintenance of NO homeostasis is described and the potential therapeutic applications of oral inorganic nitrates and nitrite are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrite protects against morbidity and mortality associated with TNF- or LPS-induced shock in a soluble guanylate cyclase–dependent manner
Anje Cauwels,Emmanuel S. Buys,Robrecht Thoonen,Robrecht Thoonen,Lisa Geary,Joris R. Delanghe,Sruti Shiva,Peter Brouckaert,Peter Brouckaert +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that nitrite can protect against toxicity in shock via sGC-dependent signaling, which may include hypoxic vasodilation necessary to maintain microcirculation and organ function, and cardioprotection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitric oxide deficiency in pulmonary hypertension: Pathobiology and implications for therapy.
TL;DR: An overview of the NO physiology and its role in the pathobiology of lung diseases, particularly PH is provided and current and emerging specific treatments that target NO signaling pathways in PH are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway
Salvador Moncada,Annie Higgs +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery that mammalian cells generate nitric oxide, a gas previously considered to be merely an atmospheric pollutant, is providing important information about many biologic processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Lawrence J. Appel,Thomas Burton Moore,Thomas Burton Moore,Eva Obarzanek,William M. Vollmer,Laura P. Svetkey,Frank M. Sacks,George A. Bray,Thomas M. Vogt,Jeffrey A. Cutler,Marlene M. Windhauser,Pao-Hwa Lin,Njeri Karanja,Denise G. Simons-Morton,Marjorie L. McCullough,Janis F. Swain,Priscilla Steele,Marguerite Evans,Edgar R. Miller,David W. Harsha +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure were assessed in a clinical trial, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, where the subjects were fed a control diet that was low in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, with a fat content typical of the average diet in the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation.
Kenyatta Cosby,Kristine S. Partovi,Jack H. Crawford,Rakesh P. Patel,Christopher D. Reiter,Sabrina Martyr,Benjamin K. Yang,Myron A. Waclawiw,Gloria Zalos,Xiuli Xu,Kris T. Huang,Howard Shields,Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro,Alan N. Schechter,Richard O. Cannon,Mark T. Gladwin +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that nitrite represents a major bioavailable pool of NO, and a new physiological function for hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase is described, potentially contributing to hypoxic vasodilation.
Journal Article
Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S-nitrosothiols as active intermediates.
Louis J. Ignarro,Howard Lippton,J C Edwards,William H. Baricos,Albert L. Hyman,P. J. Kadowitz,Carl A. Gruetter +6 more
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Macrophage cytotoxicity: role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite.
TL;DR: An L-arginine-dependent biochemical pathway synthesizing L-citrulline and nitrite, coupled to an effector mechanism, is shown to cause this pattern of metabolic inhibition in cytotoxic activated macrophages.