Journal ArticleDOI
The nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
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TLDR
This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulceration.Abstract:
The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) were previously thought to be inert end products of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) metabolism However, recent studies show that these supposedly inert anions can be recycled in vivo to form NO, representing an important alternative source of NO to the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway, in particular in hypoxic states This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulcerationread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Decreased leukocyte recruitment by inorganic nitrate and nitrite in microvascular inflammation and NSAID-induced intestinal injury.
Cecilia Jädert,Joel Petersson,Sara Massena,David Ahl,Liza Grapensparr,Lena Holm,Jon O. Lundberg,Mia Phillipson +7 more
TL;DR: Dietary nitrate markedly reduces leukocyte recruitment to inflammation in a process involving attenuation of P-selectin and ICAM-1 upregulation and the overall ability to clear an infection with Staphylococcus aureus was not suppressed by dietary nitrate as revealed by noninvasive IVIS imaging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts.
Raúl Domínguez,José Luis Maté-Muñoz,Eduardo Cuenca,Pablo García-Fernández,Fernando Mata-Ordoñez,María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan,Pablo Veiga-Herreros,Sandro Fernandes da Silva,Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño +8 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that beetroot juice given as a single dose or over a few days may improve performance at intermittent, high-intensity efforts with short rest periods and could improve muscle power output via a mechanism involving a faster muscle shortening velocity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrated oleic acid up-regulates PPARγ and attenuates experimental inflammatory bowel disease
TL;DR: Administration of OA-NO(2) attenuates colonic inflammation and improves clinical symptoms in experimental inflammatory bowel disease and involves activation of colonic PPARgamma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inorganic nitrite stimulates pancreatic islet blood flow and insulin secretion.
Thomas Nyström,Henrik Ortsäter,Zhen Huang,Fan Zhang,Filip J. Larsen,Eddie Weitzberg,Jon O. Lundberg,Åke Sjöholm +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that nitrite exerts dual stimulatory effects on pancreatic islet function, including enhancement of islet blood flow and subsequent insulin secretion in vivo and direct stimulation of insulin release in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations associated with functional disorder of xanthine oxidoreductase and hereditary xanthinuria in humans.
TL;DR: The present review focuses on mutation or chemical modification studies of mammalian XOR, as well as on XOR mutations identified in humans, aimed at understanding the reaction mechanism of Xor and the relevance of mutated XORs as models to estimate the possible side effects of clinical application of XOR inhibitors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway
Salvador Moncada,Annie Higgs +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery that mammalian cells generate nitric oxide, a gas previously considered to be merely an atmospheric pollutant, is providing important information about many biologic processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Lawrence J. Appel,Thomas Burton Moore,Thomas Burton Moore,Eva Obarzanek,William M. Vollmer,Laura P. Svetkey,Frank M. Sacks,George A. Bray,Thomas M. Vogt,Jeffrey A. Cutler,Marlene M. Windhauser,Pao-Hwa Lin,Njeri Karanja,Denise G. Simons-Morton,Marjorie L. McCullough,Janis F. Swain,Priscilla Steele,Marguerite Evans,Edgar R. Miller,David W. Harsha +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure were assessed in a clinical trial, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, where the subjects were fed a control diet that was low in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, with a fat content typical of the average diet in the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation.
Kenyatta Cosby,Kristine S. Partovi,Jack H. Crawford,Rakesh P. Patel,Christopher D. Reiter,Sabrina Martyr,Benjamin K. Yang,Myron A. Waclawiw,Gloria Zalos,Xiuli Xu,Kris T. Huang,Howard Shields,Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro,Alan N. Schechter,Richard O. Cannon,Mark T. Gladwin +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that nitrite represents a major bioavailable pool of NO, and a new physiological function for hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase is described, potentially contributing to hypoxic vasodilation.
Journal Article
Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S-nitrosothiols as active intermediates.
Louis J. Ignarro,Howard Lippton,J C Edwards,William H. Baricos,Albert L. Hyman,P. J. Kadowitz,Carl A. Gruetter +6 more
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Macrophage cytotoxicity: role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite.
TL;DR: An L-arginine-dependent biochemical pathway synthesizing L-citrulline and nitrite, coupled to an effector mechanism, is shown to cause this pattern of metabolic inhibition in cytotoxic activated macrophages.