Journal ArticleDOI
The nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
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TLDR
This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulceration.Abstract:
The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) were previously thought to be inert end products of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) metabolism However, recent studies show that these supposedly inert anions can be recycled in vivo to form NO, representing an important alternative source of NO to the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway, in particular in hypoxic states This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulcerationread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Inorganic nitrite attenuates NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation in activated macrophages via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.
Ting Yang,Maria Peleli,Christa Zollbrecht,Alessia Giulietti,Alessia Giulietti,Niccolò Terrando,Jon O. Lundberg,Eddie Weitzberg,Mattias Carlström +8 more
TL;DR: Investigating the potential role of nitrite in modulating NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity in immune cells found it reduced O2(∙-) generation in LPS-activated human monocytes and attenuated NOX activity in activated macrophages, which may modulate the inflammatory response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Nitrate and the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop
Amrita Ahluwalia,Mark T. Gladwin,Gary D. Coleman,Norman G. Hord,George Howard,Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro,Martin Lajous,Filip J. Larsen,David J. Lefer,Leslie A. McClure,Bernard T. Nolan,Ryszard M. Pluta,Alan N. Schechter,Chia‐Yih Wang,Mary H. Ward,Jane L. Harman +15 more
TL;DR: In view of continuing unanswered questions regarding the geographical and demographic distribution of cardiovascular disease, and recent discoveries about the effects of dietary nitrate on cardiovascular physiology, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to discuss these issues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Could nasal nitric oxide help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19?
TL;DR: Additional lifestyle factors such as mouth breathing which may affect the antiviral response against SARS-CoV-2 by bypassing the filtering effect of the nose and by decreasing NO levels in the airways are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanistic studies of nitrite reactions with metalloproteins and models relevant to mammalian physiology
Julie L. Heinecke,Peter C. Ford +1 more
TL;DR: The goal of this review is to evaluate the present state of understanding regarding these pathways and the delicate interplay between nitrite and the various NOx species of biological relevance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bench-to-bedside review: Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in adults
TL;DR: This 'Bench-to-bedside' review focuses on the mechanisms of action of iNO and its clinical applications, with emphasis on acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway
Salvador Moncada,Annie Higgs +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery that mammalian cells generate nitric oxide, a gas previously considered to be merely an atmospheric pollutant, is providing important information about many biologic processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Lawrence J. Appel,Thomas Burton Moore,Thomas Burton Moore,Eva Obarzanek,William M. Vollmer,Laura P. Svetkey,Frank M. Sacks,George A. Bray,Thomas M. Vogt,Jeffrey A. Cutler,Marlene M. Windhauser,Pao-Hwa Lin,Njeri Karanja,Denise G. Simons-Morton,Marjorie L. McCullough,Janis F. Swain,Priscilla Steele,Marguerite Evans,Edgar R. Miller,David W. Harsha +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure were assessed in a clinical trial, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, where the subjects were fed a control diet that was low in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, with a fat content typical of the average diet in the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation.
Kenyatta Cosby,Kristine S. Partovi,Jack H. Crawford,Rakesh P. Patel,Christopher D. Reiter,Sabrina Martyr,Benjamin K. Yang,Myron A. Waclawiw,Gloria Zalos,Xiuli Xu,Kris T. Huang,Howard Shields,Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro,Alan N. Schechter,Richard O. Cannon,Mark T. Gladwin +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that nitrite represents a major bioavailable pool of NO, and a new physiological function for hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase is described, potentially contributing to hypoxic vasodilation.
Journal Article
Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S-nitrosothiols as active intermediates.
Louis J. Ignarro,Howard Lippton,J C Edwards,William H. Baricos,Albert L. Hyman,P. J. Kadowitz,Carl A. Gruetter +6 more
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Macrophage cytotoxicity: role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite.
TL;DR: An L-arginine-dependent biochemical pathway synthesizing L-citrulline and nitrite, coupled to an effector mechanism, is shown to cause this pattern of metabolic inhibition in cytotoxic activated macrophages.