Journal ArticleDOI
The skin: an indispensable barrier
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Changes in epidermal differentiation and lipid composition lead to a disturbed skin barrier, which allows the entry of environmental allergens, immunological reaction and inflammation in atopic dermatitis.Abstract:
The skin forms an effective barrier between the organism and the environment preventing invasion of pathogens and fending off chemical and physical assaults, as well as the unregulated loss of water and solutes In this review we provide an overview of several components of the physical barrier, explaining how barrier function is regulated and altered in dermatoses The physical barrier is mainly localized in the stratum corneum (SC) and consists of protein-enriched cells (corneocytes with cornified envelope and cytoskeletal elements, as well as corneodesmosomes) and lipid-enriched intercellular domains The nucleated epidermis also contributes to the barrier through tight, gap and adherens junctions, as well as through desmosomes and cytoskeletal elements During epidermal differentiation lipids are synthesized in the keratinocytes and extruded into the extracellular domains, where they form extracellular lipid-enriched layers The cornified cell envelope, a tough protein/lipid polymer structure, resides below the cytoplasmic membrane on the exterior of the corneocytes Ceramides A and B are covalently bound to cornified envelope proteins and form the backbone for the subsequent addition of free ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol in the SC Filaggrin is cross-linked to the cornified envelope and aggregates keratin filaments into macrofibrils Formation and maintenance of barrier function is influenced by cytokines, 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium Changes in epidermal differentiation and lipid composition lead to a disturbed skin barrier, which allows the entry of environmental allergens, immunological reaction and inflammation in atopic dermatitis A disturbed skin barrier is important for the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis, ichthyosis, psoriasis and atopic dermatitisread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization and management of dermatologic adverse events with the NovoTTF-100A System, a novel anti-mitotic electric field device for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma.
Mario E. Lacouture,Mary Elizabeth Davis,Grace Elzinga,Nicholas Butowski,David Tran,John L. Villano,Lucianna DiMeglio,Angela M. Davies,Eric T. Wong +8 more
TL;DR: The addition of skin care strategies to the NovoTTF-100A System use will maximize adherence to therapy while maintaining quality of life, all of which contribute to the therapeutic benefit of NovOTTF Therapy in rGB.
Journal ArticleDOI
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Increases the Expression of Genes in the Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex and Accelerates Epidermal Barrier Formation
Carrie Hayes Sutter,Sridevi Bodreddigari,Christina M. Campion,Ryan S. Wible,Thomas R. Sutter +4 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that in utero exposure to TCDD accelerated the formation of the epidermal barrier in the developing mouse fetus by approximately 1 day, indicating that the epidersmal permeability barrier is a functional target of the T CDD-activated AHR.
Journal ArticleDOI
Possible new therapeutic strategy to regulate atopic dermatitis through upregulating filaggrin expression
Atsushi Otsuka,Hiromi Doi,Gyohei Egawa,Akiko Maekawa,Tomoko Fujita,Satoshi Nakamizo,Chisa Nakashima,Saeko Nakajima,Takeshi Watanabe,Yoshiki Miyachi,Shuh Narumiya,Kenji Kabashima +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the compound on the development of AD-like skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice was examined using a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT).
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of the Potential Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Averrhoa carambola L. in Mice
Daniela Almeida Cabrini,Henrique H. Moresco,Priscila Imazu,Cíntia Delai da Silva,Evelise Fernandes Pietrovski,Daniel Augusto Gasparin Bueno Mendes,Arthur da Silveira Prudente,Moacir Geraldo Pizzolatti,Inês Maria Costa Brighente,Michel Fleith Otuki +9 more
TL;DR: Preliminary results support the popular use of A. carambola as an anti-inflammatory agent and open up new possibilities for its use in skin disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eicosanoids in skin inflammation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss biochemical aspects related to cutaneous eicosanoid metabolism, the contribution of these potent autacoids to skin inflammation and related conditions, and consider the importance of nutritional supplementation with bioactives such as omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and plant-derived antioxidants as means of addressing skin health issues.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis
Colin N. A. Palmer,Alan D. Irvine,Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski,Yiwei Zhao,Haihui Liao,Simon P. Lee,David Goudie,Aileen Sandilands,Linda E. Campbell,Frances J.D. Smith,Grainne M. O'Regan,Rosemarie Watson,Jo E Cecil,Sherri J. Bale,John G. Compton,John J. DiGiovanna,John J. DiGiovanna,Philip Fleckman,Sue Lewis-Jones,Gehan Arseculeratne,Ann Sergeant,Colin S. Munro,Brahim El Houate,Ken McElreavey,Liselotte Brydensholt Halkjaer,Hans Bisgaard,Somnath Mukhopadhyay,Somnath Mukhopadhyay,W.H. Irwin McLean +28 more
TL;DR: It is shown that two independent loss-of-function genetic variants (R510X and 2282del4) in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) are very strong predisposing factors for atopic dermatitis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin
TL;DR: New insights into the molecular mechanisms and the physiological endpoints of cornification are increasing the understanding of the pathological defects of this unique form of programmed cell death, which is associated with barrier malfunctions and ichthyosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Claudin-based tight junctions are crucial for the mammalian epidermal barrier a lesson from claudin-1–deficient mice
Mikio Furuse,Masaki Hata,Kyoko Furuse,Yoko Yoshida,Akinori Haratake,Yoshinobu Sugitani,Tetsuo Noda,Tetsuo Noda,Akiharu Kubo,Shoichiro Tsukita +9 more
TL;DR: Findings provide the first evidence that continuous claudin-based TJs occur in the epidermis and that these TJs are crucial for the barrier function of the mammalian skin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Claudins and epithelial paracellular transport.
TL;DR: Information is reviewed on the structure, function, and transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of the claudin family as well as of their evolutionarily distant relatives called the PMP22/EMP/MP20/claudin, or pfam00822, superfamily.
Journal ArticleDOI
Barrier Function of the Skin: “La Raison d'Être” of the Epidermis
TL;DR: More sophisticated understanding of epidermal barrier function will lead to more rational therapy of a host of skin conditions in which the barrier is impaired, current work has focused on developing a more physiologic mix of lipids for topical application to skin.
Related Papers (5)
Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis
Colin N. A. Palmer,Alan D. Irvine,Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski,Yiwei Zhao,Haihui Liao,Simon P. Lee,David Goudie,Aileen Sandilands,Linda E. Campbell,Frances J.D. Smith,Grainne M. O'Regan,Rosemarie Watson,Jo E Cecil,Sherri J. Bale,John G. Compton,John J. DiGiovanna,John J. DiGiovanna,Philip Fleckman,Sue Lewis-Jones,Gehan Arseculeratne,Ann Sergeant,Colin S. Munro,Brahim El Houate,Ken McElreavey,Liselotte Brydensholt Halkjaer,Hans Bisgaard,Somnath Mukhopadhyay,Somnath Mukhopadhyay,W.H. Irwin McLean +28 more