Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: role of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Pedro A. Ruiz,Belén Morón,Helen M. Becker,Silvia Lang,Kirstin Atrott,Marianne R. Spalinger,Michael Scharl,Kacper A. Wojtal,Anne Fischbeck-Terhalle,Isabelle Frey-Wagner,Martin Hausmann,Thomas Kraemer,Gerhard Rogler +12 more
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TLDR
Findings indicate that individuals with a defective intestinal barrier function and pre-existing inflammatory condition, such as IBD, might be negatively impacted by the use of TiO2 nanoparticles.Abstract:
Objective Western lifestyle and diet are major environmental factors playing a role in the development of IBD. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles are widely used as food additives or in pharmaceutical formulations and are consumed by millions of people on a daily basis. We investigated the effects of TiO 2 in the development of colitis and the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain receptor, pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3 inflammasome. Design Wild-type and NLRP3-deficient mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis were orally administered with TiO 2 nanoparticles. The proinflammatory effects of TiO 2 particles in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophages were also studied, as well as the ability of TiO 2 crystals to traverse IEC monolayers and accumulate in the blood of patients with IBD using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results Oral administration of TiO 2 nanoparticles worsened acute colitis through a mechanism involving the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, crystals were found to accumulate in spleen of TiO 2 -administered mice. In vitro, TiO 2 particles were taken up by IECs and macrophages and triggered NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 assembly, caspase-1 cleavage and the release of NLRP3-associated interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. TiO 2 also induced reactive oxygen species generation and increased epithelial permeability in IEC monolayers. Increased levels of titanium were found in blood of patients with UC having active disease. Conclusion These findings indicate that individuals with a defective intestinal barrier function and pre-existing inflammatory condition, such as IBD, might be negatively impacted by the use of TiO 2 nanoparticles.read more
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Ultra-processed Foods and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Devarajan Nagarajan,Chun-Han Lo,Neha Khandpur,Neha Khandpur,Sinara Laurini Rossato,Paul Lochhead,Emily W. Lopes,Kristin E. Burke,James M. Richter,Mingyang Song,Andres V. Ardisson Korat,Qi Sun,Qi Sun,Teresa T. Fung,Teresa T. Fung,Hamed Khalili,Andrew T. Chan,Andrew T. Chan,Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan +18 more
TL;DR: Higher UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of incident Crohn's disease and UC, and ultra-processed breads and breakfast foods and sauces, cheeses, spreads, and gravies showed the strongest positive associations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Possible effects of titanium dioxide particles on human liver, intestinal tissue, spleen and kidney after oral exposure.
TL;DR: TiO2 seems to be able to exert these early effects in animal studies at Ti liver concentrations that are only a factor of 30 and 6 times higher than the median and highest liver concentration found in humans, respectively, confirming earlier conclusions that adverse effects on the liver in humans as a result of (oral) TiO2 exposure cannot be excluded.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exogenous nanoparticles and endogenous crystalline molecules as danger signals for the NLRP3 inflammasomes.
TL;DR: The role of inflammasomes in exogenous NAMP‐ and endogenous crystalline DAMP‐mediated sterile inflammation is focused on and many regulatory mechanisms have been identified to attenuate NLRP3 inflammaomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of 61 exclusive enteral nutrition formulas used in the management of active Crohn's disease-new insights into dietary disease triggers.
Michael Logan,Michael Logan,Konstantinos Gkikas,Vaios Svolos,Ben Nichols,Simon Milling,Daniel R. Gaya,John Paul Seenan,Jonathan Macdonald,Richard Hansen,Umer Zeeshan Ijaz,Richard K. Russell,Konstantinos Gerasimidis +12 more
TL;DR: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective treatment for Crohn's disease and should be considered as a routine treatment, according to the World Health Organization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of immunologic and intestinal effects in rats administered an E 171-containing diet, a food grade titanium dioxide (TiO2)
Lance K. Blevins,Robert B. Crawford,Anthony Bach,Michael D. Rizzo,Jiajun Zhou,Joseph E. Henriquez,D. M. Isha Olive Khan,Sera Sermet,Lora L. Arnold,Karen L. Pennington,Nathália Pereira de Souza,Samuel M. Cohen,Norbert E. Kaminski +12 more
TL;DR: Dietary E 171 administration (7- or 100-day), even at high doses, produced no effect on the immune parameters or tissue morphology, and had no effects on ACF, goblet cell numbers, or colonic gland length.
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