Journal ArticleDOI
Ultrafine particles are not major carriers of carcinogenic PAHs and their genotoxicity in size-segregated aerosols.
TLDR
Interestingly, the results suggest that the fraction of ultrafine particles of various ambient-air samples is neither a major carrier of c-PAHs, nor a major inducer of their genotoxicity, which is an important finding that is relevant to the toxicity and health effects of ultra fine particles, which are so extensively discussed these days.Abstract:
Some studies suggest that genotoxic effects of combustion-related aerosols are induced by carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) and their derivatives, which are part of the organic fraction of the particulate matter (PM) in ambient air The proportion of the organic fraction in PM is known to vary with particle size The ultrafine fraction is hypothesized to be the most important carrier of c-PAHs, since it possesses the highest specific surface area of PM To test this hypothesis, the distribution of c-PAHs in organic extracts (EOMs) was compared for four size fractions of ambient-air aerosols: coarse (1<dae<10μm), upper (05<dae<1μm), and lower (017<dae<05μm) accumulation aerosol particles and ultrafine particles (dae<017) High-volume aerosol samples were collected consecutively in four localities that differed in the level of environmental pollution The genotoxicity of EOMs was measured by analysis of DNA adducts induced in an a cellular assay consisting of calf thymus DNA with/without rat liver microsomal S9 fraction coupled with (32)P-postlabelling The upper accumulation fraction was the major size fraction in all four localities, forming 37-46% of the total PM mass Per m(3) of sampled air, this fraction also bound the largest amount of c-PAHs Correspondingly, the upper accumulation fraction induced the highest DNA-adduct levels Per PM mass itself, the lower accumulation fraction is seen to be the most efficient in binding DNA-reactive organic compounds Interestingly, the results suggest that the fraction of ultrafine particles of various ambient-air samples is neither a major carrier of c-PAHs, nor a major inducer of their genotoxicity, which is an important finding that is relevant to the toxicity and health effects of ultrafine particles, which are so extensively discussed these daysread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sources, characteristics, toxicity, and control of ultrafine particles: An overview
TL;DR: In this article, the authors classified the PM particles into coarse (2.5-10 μm), fine (0.1-2.1 μm) and ultrafine (1.5μm) classes according to their source of emission, geography, and local meteorology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fine and ultrafine atmospheric particulate matter at a multi-influenced urban site: Physicochemical characterization, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity.
Yann Landkocz,Frédéric Ledoux,Véronique André,Fabrice Cazier,Paul Genevray,Dorothée Dewaele,Perrine J. Martin,Capucine Lepers,Anthony Verdin,Lucie Courcot,Saâd Boushina,François Sichel,Maurizio Gualtieri,Pirouz Shirali,Dominique Courcot,Sylvain Billet +15 more
TL;DR: Mutagenicity of PM was evidenced, especially for PM2.5, including ultrafine fraction, in relation to PAHs content and possibly nitro-aromatics compounds, mainly related to steelmaking or petro-chemistry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in the Atmosphere – A Review Identifying Research Needs
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactivity in the atmospheric gas and particulate phases is incompletely quantified, in particular with regard to coverage of aerosol matrix diversity and photochemical age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Barbecue Fumes: An Overlooked Source of Health Hazards in Outdoor Settings?
TL;DR: Outdoor exposure to barbecue fumes (particularly dermal contact) may have become a significant but largely neglected source of health hazards to the general population and should be well-recognized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic: Past and Present
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical perspective on ambient air pollution and ambient air quality development in the modern-day Czech Republic over the past seven decades, i.e., from the 1950s to the present.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles
TL;DR: Results of older bio-kinetic studies with NSPs and newer epidemiologic and toxicologic studies with airborne ultrafine particles can be viewed as the basis for the expanding field of nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices.
Journal ArticleDOI
PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition
Mark B. Yunker,Robie W. Macdonald,Roxanne Vingarzan,Reginald H. Mitchell,Darcy Goyette,Stephanie Sylvestre +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, parent and alkyl PAHs were quantified in suspended particulates and sediments (345 samples) from the Fraser River system, British Columbia, Canada, and the best potential to distinguish natural and anthropogenic sources is exhibited by ratios of the principal mass 178, 202, 228 and 276 parent PAH, 1,7/2,6+1,7-DMP (dimethylphenanthrene), the phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene alkyal PAH series and several less commonly applied PA
Journal ArticleDOI
A European aerosol phenomenology—1: physical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe
Rita Van Dingenen,Frank Raes,Jean-P Putaud,Urs Baltensperger,Aurélie Charron,M.Cristina Facchini,Stefano Decesari,Sandro Fuzzi,Robert Gehrig,Hans-C Hansson,Roy M. Harrison,Cristoph Hüglin,Alan M. Jones,Paolo Laj,Gundi Lorbeer,Willy Maenhaut,Finn Palmgren,Xavier Querol,Sergio Rodríguez,Jürgen Schneider,Harry ten Brink,Peter Tunved,Kjetil Tørseth,Birgit Wehner,Ernest Weingartner,Alfred Wiedensohler,Peter Wåhlin +26 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize data on aerosol physical characteristics, which were obtained in European aerosol research activities at free-troposphere, natural, rural, near-city, urban, and kerbside sites over the past decade.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nuclease P1-mediated enhancement of sensitivity of 32P-postlabeling test for structurally diverse DNA adducts.
TL;DR: A minor modification of this procedure, entailing the postincubation of DNA digests with Penicillium citrinum nuclease P1 before 32P-labeling, enhanced the technique's sensitivity to 1 adduct in approximately 10(10) nucleotides for a 10-micrograms DNA sample.
Journal ArticleDOI
Air pollution combustion emissions: characterization of causative agents and mechanisms associated with cancer, reproductive, and cardiovascular effects.
TL;DR: Although there is substantial evidence that PAH or substituted PAH may be causative agent in cancer and reproductive effects, an increasing number of studies investigating cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular effects are investigating these and other potential causative agents from air pollution combustion sources.