Ultrastructural identification of uncoated caveolin-independent early endocytic vehicles

TLDR: Using quantitative light microscopy and a modified immunoelectron microscopic technique, the entry pathway of the cholera toxin binding subunit (CTB) in primary embryonic fibroblasts is characterized and the major carriers involved in initial entry of CTB were identified as uncoated tubular or ring-shaped structures.

Abstract: Using quantitative light microscopy and a modified immunoelectron microscopic technique, we have characterized the entry pathway of the cholera toxin binding subunit (CTB) in primary embryonic fibroblasts CTB trafficking to the Golgi complex was identical in caveolin-1null (Cav1-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and wild-type (WT) MEFs CTB entry in the Cav1-/- MEFs was predominantly clathrin and dynamin independent but relatively cholesterol dependent Immunoelectron microscopy was used to quantify budded and surface-connected caveolae and to identify noncaveolar endocytic vehicles In WT MEFs, a small fraction of the total Cav1-positive structures were shown to bud from the plasma membrane (2% per minute), and budding increased upon okadaic acid or lactosyl ceramide treatment However, the major carriers involved in initial entry of CTB were identified as uncoated tubular or ring-shaped structures These carriers contained GPI-anchored proteins and fluid phase markers and represented the major vehicles mediating CTB uptake in both WT and caveolae-null cells